Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems
across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development …

Background Health system planning requires careful assessment of chronic kidney disease
(CKD) epidemiology, but data for morbidity and mortality of this disease are scarce or non …

Background Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health.
Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and …

Background Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector …

Background The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems,
disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to …

Background Human resources for health (HRH) include a range of occupations that aim to
promote or improve human health. The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the …

Background Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their
prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable …

Background Better evaluation of existing health programmes, appropriate policy making
against emerging health threats, and reducing inequalities in Iran rely on a comprehensive …

Background Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess
whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the …

Background Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely
preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate …