Purpose There has been widespread speculation that the events surrounding the shooting
death of an unarmed young black man by a white police officer in Ferguson, Missouri—and …

Purpose This study explored whether police departments have engaged in “de-policing”—
withdrawal from active police work—in response to unprecedented levels of negative …

Research Summary A robust body of research findings has established that policing is a
dangerous profession. Few scholars, however, have investigated the full picture of the …

Citizens' beliefs that officers are employing unnecessary or excessive levels of force can
quickly erode police legitimacy and can lead to severe consequences including loss of life …

The current study examines the impact of the Ferguson Effect and related public scrutiny on
college students' motivation to become police officers. Using data from 654 students located …

Increasing gender diversity in American policing has long been a focus of reform efforts
since the 1960s. Although the proportion of women in the profession improved initially and …

This study tests whether violence directed toward American law enforcement has increased
in the wake of events in Ferguson, Missouri, in summer 2014. Using monthly data from the …

Purpose The current study examined racial/ethnic disparities in officer-involved shootings,
employing violence directed toward police by race/ethnicity as a benchmark for comparison …

Objectives To quantify nonfatal injurious police shootings of people and examine the factors
associated with victim mortality. Methods We gathered victim-level data on fatal and nonfatal …

Objective To examine the impact of a novel firearm 'pointing'policy that requires officers to
document when they directly point their guns at citizens. Methods Sixteen years (2003 …