After illustrating the main difficulties usually encountered in efforts to prevent injuries and improve the safety of populations, this paper will propose a frame of reference on the subject of safety promotion. It applies to the prevention of non-intentional injuries as well as to the problem of violent crimes and suicide. This framework should facilitate dialogue among those involved in these issues by encouraging better integration of the various prevention models used. It should also improve both the implementation and effectiveness of interdisciplinary and intersectorial interventions.