One of the major problems faced by eye injury prevention programs in the military is the low compliance among individual soldiers with eye armor use. We use three different health behavioral models (the health belief model, the social learning theory, and the PRECEDE model) to analyze and explore the various factors involved in the use of eye armor. Some of the factors that appear to be important in affecting the behavior include environmental conditions (e.g., actual military deployment versus nondeployment activity), organizational attitude toward eye protection programs, community influence, individual knowledge and perception of eye injury, and belief in the efficacy of eye armor. An understanding of these factors can help influence the development of more effective strategies for eye injury prevention in the military.