Sample characteristics and unadjusted comparisons of sociodemographic, social and mental health factors comparisons among those with lifetime non-fatal overdose experiences based on substance(s) used in the worst experience (n=314), 2021–2022, USA
| Alcohol only n=115 (36.6%) n (%) | Alcohol and cannabis n=88 (28.0%) n (%) | Alcohol and other substances n=71 (22.6%) n (%) | Other substances (no alcohol) n=40 (12.7%) n (%) | |
| Sociodemographics | ||||
| Age*** | 23.7 (3.7) | 22.4 (3.1) | 24.9 (3.9) | 23.5 (3.1) |
| Male sex (vs female) | 30 (26.1%) | 23 (26.1%) | 16 (22.5%) | 16 (40.0%) |
| Heterosexual identity* (vs other sexual identity) | 79 (68.7%) | 46 (52.3%) | 45 (63.4%) | 18 (45.0%) |
| White, non-Hispanic (vs other race/ethnicity) | 80 (69.6%) | 61 (69.3%) | 41 (57.8%) | 30 (75.0%) |
| Receives public assistance** (vs none) | 20 (17.4%) | 21 (23.9%) | 24 (33.8%) | 17 (42.5%) |
| Social factors | ||||
| History of familial substance misuse (vs none) | 72 (62.6%) | 59 (67.1%) | 50 (70.4%) | 25 (62.5%) |
| †Peer substance misuse score** | 5.0 (3.1) | 5.7 (3.1) | 6.9 (4.2) | 4.9 (3.6) |
| †Social support score* | 7.9 (2.3) | 8.0 (2.0) | 6.9 (2.7) | 7.5 (2.3) |
| Mental health factors | ||||
| §Positive depression screen** (vs negative) | 47 (40.9%) | 42 (47.7%) | 44 (62.0%) | 27 (67.5%) |
| ¶Positive anxiety screen* (vs negative) | 42 (36.5%) | 38 (43.2%) | 38 (53.5%) | 24 (60.0%) |
| Suicide attempt (lifetime) (vs none) | 14 (12.2%) | 14 (15.9%) | 11 (15.5%) | 10 (25.0%) |
*p<0.05.
**p<0.01.
***p<0.001.
†Higher M score (range 0–24) indicates more peer substance misus.
†Higher M score (range 1–10) indicates more peer and/or family social support.
§PHQ-8 with score ≥10 positive for at least moderate depression risk in the past 2 weeks.
¶GAD-7 with score >10 positive for at least moderate anxiety disorder risk in the past 2 weeks.
GAD-7, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7; PHQ-8, Patient Health Questionnaire-8.