Athlete and injury characteristics of commotio cordis incidents in the USA from academic year 1982–1983 through 2022–2023, stratified by sport (n=64)
| Variable | Baseball (n=20) | Lacrosse (n=17) | Football (n=13) | Other sports* (n=14) | ||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Athlete sex | ||||||||
| Female | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 28.6 |
| Male | 20 | 100.0 | 17 | 100.0 | 13 | 100.0 | 10 | 71.4 |
| Athlete age | ||||||||
| 11–15 years | 7 | 35.0 | 4 | 23.5 | 1 | 7.7 | 5 | 35.7 |
| 16–18 years | 7 | 35.0 | 6 | 35.3 | 9 | 69.2 | 4 | 28.6 |
| 19–21 years | 1 | 5.0 | 2 | 11.8 | 1 | 7.7 | 1 | 7.1 |
| 22+ | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 5.9 | 2 | 15.4 | 1 | 7.1 |
| Unknown | 5 | 25.0 | 4 | 23.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 21.4 |
| Sport level | ||||||||
| High school sponsored | 7 | 35.0 | 10 | 58.8 | 8 | 61.5 | 9 | 64.3 |
| Youth league sponsored (age 11–17 years) | 9 | 45.0 | 1 | 5.9 | 1 | 7.7 | 1 | 7.1 |
| Collegiate | 2 | 10.0 | 3 | 17.7 | 1 | 7.7 | 2 | 14.3 |
| Semiprofessional | 1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 15.4 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Middle school sponsored | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 7.1 |
| Professional | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 7.7 | 1 | 7.1 |
| Other | 1 | 5.0 | 3 | 17.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Injury mechanism | ||||||||
| Contact with apparatus or object | 16 | 80.0 | 16 | 94.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 7 | 50.0 |
| Contact with another player | 3 | 15.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 12 | 92.3 | 4 | 28.6 |
| Contact with ground/surface | 1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 7.1 |
| Other/unknown | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 5.9 | 1 | 7.7 | 2 | 14.3 |
| Event type | ||||||||
| Competition/game | 15 | 75.0 | 13 | 76.5 | 8 | 61.5 | 8 | 57.1 |
| Practice | 4 | 20.0 | 4 | 23.5 | 5 | 38.5 | 3 | 21.4 |
| Other/unknown | 1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 21.4 |
| Injury academic year | ||||||||
| 1982–1986 | 2 | 10.0 | 1 | 5.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 7.1 |
| 1987–1991 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 7.7 | 1 | 7.1 |
| 1992–1996 | 2 | 10.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 7.7 | 2 | 14.3 |
| 1997–2001 | 2 | 10.0 | 4 | 23.5 | 3 | 23.1 | 1 | 7.1 |
| 2002–2006 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 23.5 | 2 | 15.4 | 1 | 7.1 |
| 2007–2011 | 3 | 15.0 | 5 | 29.4 | 4 | 30.8 | 3 | 21.4 |
| 2012–2016 | 5 | 25.0 | 1 | 5.9 | 1 | 7.7 | 4 | 28.6 |
| 2017–2022 | 6 | 30.0 | 2 | 11.8 | 1 | 7.7 | 1 | 7.1 |
| Injury outcome | ||||||||
| Survival with temporary disability | 12 | 60.0 | 8 | 47.1 | 2 | 15.4 | 4 | 28.6 |
| Fatality/sudden death | 8 | 40.0 | 7 | 41.2 | 11 | 84.6 | 8 | 57.1 |
| Survival with permanent disability | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 7.1 |
| Unknown | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 11.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 7.1 |
*Other sports include cheerleading, cross-country, ice hockey, rodeo, soccer, softball, track and field.