GVRO process details
| Cases (n=202)* n (%) | |
| Petitioner relationship to respondent | |
| Law enforcement officer | 195 (96.5) |
| Family/household member | 7 (3.5) |
| Source of information to petitioner† | |
| Respondent | 101 (50.0) |
| Family or household member | 66 (32.7) |
| Significant other | 56 (27.7) |
| Bystander/witness | 45 (22.3) |
| Law enforcement (not including petitioner) | 38 (18.8) |
| Medical personnel | 24 (11.9) |
| Friend | 25 (12.4) |
| Coworker | 13 (6.4) |
| Social media | 13 (6.4) |
| School employee | 11 (5.4) |
| Other | 6 (3.0) |
| Police action at contact/service† | |
| Arrest on criminal charges | 66 (32.7) |
| 5150 (involuntary psychiatric hold) | 46 (22.8) |
| Transport to hospital | 45 (22.3) |
| Use of force | 10 (5.0) |
| Psychiatric evaluation (on site) | 5 (2.5) |
| Order after a hearing | |
| Issued | 108 (53.5) |
| Sought but not issued | 20 (9.9) |
| Not sought | 67 (33.2) |
| Legal representation at hearing (among those with an order after a hearing form, n=104‡) | |
| Petitioner only | 55 (52.9) |
| Respondent only | 4 (3.8) |
| Petitioner and respondent | 15 (14.4) |
| None | 28 (26.9) |
*201 unique respondents; one person had two distinct GVROs. Percentages are calculated with unknown (missing) values in the denominator.
†These were coded as (1) if present and otherwise left blank (0), so we cannot distinguish between ‘no’ and ‘unknown’.
‡The order after a hearing form was missing for four cases in which we believe the order after a hearing was granted (based on court minutes and other forms in the file) and for all cases in which it was sought but not granted.
GVRO, gun violence restraining order.