Social and built environment correlates/covariates and collisions, descriptive statistics by city and school catchment areas (mean, SD)*
| Calgary | Laval | Montreal | Peel | Toronto | |
| Outcome | |||||
| Total collisions (n) (7 years for Laval, Montreal, Toronto; 5 years for Peel, 6 years for Calgary) | 214 | 101 | 766 | 100 | 738 |
| Mean collision rate per school per year | 0.27 (0.28) | 0.18 (0.17) | 0.35 (0.27) | 0.13 (0.15) | 0.27 (0.24) |
| Percentage of collisions that are cyclists (%) | 36.8 | 44.6 | 26.9 | 8.9 | 20.1 |
| Schools where travel mode observed: total collisions | 208 | 77 | 396 | 68 | 247 |
| Proportion active school transportation | 0.42 (0.12) | 0.38 (0.21) | 0.67 (0.17) | 0.53 (0.15) | 0.63 (0.17) |
| Proportion of children walking | 0.34 (0.11) | 0.33 (0.19) | 0.64 (0.17) | 0.50 (0.16) | 0.61 (0.17) |
| Collisions per year, per 1000 children walking to school (school median, IQR) | 0.56 (0, 1.08) | 0.29 (0, 0.73) | 0.48 (0.32, 0.79) | 0.15 (0, 0.46) | 0.44 (0.17, 1.03) |
| Proportion of children biking | 0.08 (0.07) | 0.06 (0.07) | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.03) |
| Collisions per year, per 1000 children biking to school (school median, IQR) | 0 (0, 5.22) | 0.59 (0, 3.70) | 3.48 (0.47, 12.6) | 0 (0,0) | 0 (0, 5.69) |
| Covariates | |||||
| Number of elementary schools (n) | 133 | 80 | 315 | 112 | 390 |
| Road km | 17.39 (4.31) | 19.6 (5.5) | 22.58 (6.67) | 14.42 (4.44) | 16.87 (7.52) |
| Child population (age 1–12 years) | 616.1 (333.4) | 685.7 (300.9) | 1456.3 (805.1) | 835.7 (474.6) | 1000.3 (541.6) |
| Social and built environment | |||||
| Land use | |||||
| Multi-family dwelling (apartments, duplexes) (number per km2) | 314.1 (618.9) | 608.5 (605.4) | 3145.6 (2211.5) | 478.8 (780.2) | 1747.7 (2066.9) |
| Housing built prior to 1960 (number per km2) | 135.66 (210.06) | 348.26 (299.84) | 1701.63 (1370.11) | 112.86 (161.53) | 1031.93 (963.5) |
| Park land (area proportion) | 13.6 (8.9) | 4.4 (4.4) | 7.0 (4.7) | 4.4 (5.0) | 12.4 (11.2) |
| Residential land use (area proportion) | 63.9 (26.5) | 80.8 (12.2) | 72.5 (12.3) | 72.9 (22.7) | 67.0 (17.0) |
| Social environment | |||||
| Below after-tax low-income cut-off (% of population) | 8.8 (5.6) | 8.4 (6.9) | 15.6 (9.5) | 8.7 (4.8) | 14.3 (9.3) |
| Recent immigrants (<5 years) (% of population) | 6.6 (3.9) | 3.4 (2.5) | 6.8 (3.8) | 6.4 (3.0) | 6.3 (3.8) |
| Road design | |||||
| Intersection density (number per road km) | 5.45 (0.94) | 5.63 (0.7) | 5.13 (0.82) | 3.99 (0.67) | 4.94 (1.23) |
| Traffic signal density (number per intersection) | 0.048 (0.04) | 0.038 (0.028) | 0.115 (0.09) | 0.077 (0.049) | 0.122 (0.058) |
| Local road percentage (per total roads) | 91.95 (7.65) | 74.84 (9.71) | 71.66 (9.34) | 75.3 (12.79) | 66.64 (12.65) |
| Traffic safety interventions | |||||
| Speed hump percentage (road km per 10 road km) | 0.043 (0.13) | 0.02 (0.05) | 0.61 (0.95) | --- | 0.41 (0.64) |
| Traffic calming—other (number per road km) | 0.11 (0.08) | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.25 (0.37) | --- | 0.16 (0.17) |
| Crosswalk (number per road km) | 0.19 (0.11) | --- | 0.05 (0.12) | 0 (0.02) | 0.12 (0.1) |
| Bike path density (proportion of roads with bike lanes) | 0.13 (0.09) | 0.16 (0.09) | 0.15 (0.09) | 0.25 (0.09) | 0.11 (0.08) |
| One-way street percentage (proportion of roads that are one-way) | 0.04 (0.07) | 0.18 (0.13) | 0.45 (0.24) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.11 (0.13) |
| Adult crossing guard density (number per road km) | --- | 0.1 (0.07) | 0.17 (0.11) | 0.27 (0.18) | 0.15 (0.12) |
*Includes mean (SD) unless otherwise stated as n or %.