Cases (n=202)* n (%) | |
Target of harm | |
Others alone | 109 (54.0) |
Self alone | 31 (15.3) |
Self and others | 51 (25.2) |
Other-directed targets (n=160)† | |
Intimate partner | 47 (29.4) |
Random people | 37 (23.1) |
Other family member | 33 (20.6) |
Someone at work | 18 (11.2) |
Someone at school | 14 (8.8) |
Other specific person | 57 (35.6) |
Threat details† | |
Any threat | 173 (85.6) |
Threatening behaviour | 112 (55.4) |
…with a firearm | 69 (34.2) |
…without a weapon | 42 (20.8) |
…with another weapon | 13 (6.4) |
Verbal threat | 104 (51.5) |
Mail/email/text threat | 27 (13.4) |
Threat posted on social media | 11 (5.4) |
Other | 3 (1.5) |
Potential mass shooting‡ | |
Yes | 58 (28.7) |
No | 136 (67.3) |
Terrorism investigation | |
Yes | 3 (1.5) |
No | 192 (95.0) |
Sociopolitical or religious motivation | |
Yes | 7 (3.5) |
No | 186 (92.1) |
Location | |
Private residence | 119 (58.9) |
Workplace | 30 (14.9) |
Internet | 13 (6.4) |
Public place | 12 (5.9) |
School | 7 (3.5) |
Child present | |
Yes | 34 (16.8) |
No | 161 (79.7) |
*201 unique respondents; one person had two distinct GVROs. Percentages are calculated with unknown (missing) values in the denominator.
†Categories are not mutually exclusive. Threat details were coded as (1) if present and otherwise left blank (0), so we cannot distinguish between ‘no’ and ‘unknown’.
‡A potential mass shooting was defined as a threat to shoot an unspecified number of people or at least three people other than oneself.
GVRO, gun violence restraining order.