Characteristics of GVRO respondents, firearm owners and the state population
| GVRO respondents (2016–2018, n=201)* | Firearm owners 18+ (CSaWS 2018, n=429)† | California population 18+ (2016–2018 average)‡ | |
| Age, med (25th–75th pctl) | 39 (28–52) | 57 (45–67) | 45 (31–60) |
| Minors, n (%) | 6 (3.0) | NA | NA |
| Gender, n (%) | |||
| Male | 188 (93.5) | 301 (72.9; 66.8–78.3) | 14 930 504 (49.3) |
| Female | 13 (6.5) | 128 (27.1; 21.7–33.2) | 15 363 490 (50.7) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| White | 123 (61.2) | 318 (64.1; 56.3–71.2) | 12 347 188 (40.8) |
| Hispanic | 35 (17.4) | 71 (20.4; 14.6–27.8) | 10 653 363 (35.2) |
| Black | 20 (10.0) | 16 (4.4; 2.0–9.3) | 1 753 342 (5.8) |
| Asian American | 10 (5.0) | NA | 4 650 828 (15.4) |
| Other/unknown | 12 (6.0) | 24 (11.1; 6.8–17.7) | 889 274 (2.9) |
| Urbanicity, n (%)§ | |||
| Metro, large | 151 (75.1) | 297 (67.5; 60.2–74.0) | 28 470 430 (76.4) |
| Metro, medium | 40 (19.9) | 87 (24.9; 18.8–32.3) | 6 759 323 (18.1) |
| Metro, small | 3 (1.5) | 16 (2.7; 1.5–4.6) | 1 178 974 (3.2) |
| Non-metro | 7 (3.5) | 28 (4.9; 3.0–8.0) | 845 229 (2.3) |
| Military service, n (%) | |||
| Active duty | 5 (2.5) | 2 (0.5; 0.1–1.8) | 127 777 (0.4) |
| Veteran | 19 (9.5) | 143 (29.2; 23.4–35.8) | 1 618 861 (5.4) |
*One respondent was missing age and one was missing race/ethnicity. 177 records (88.1%) did not mention military service, which could indicate lack of service or a lack of reporting.
†California Safety and Wellbeing Survey (CSaWS) percentages and 95% CIs are weighted to be representative of the non-institutionalised adult population of California. Minors are excluded from CSaWS and Asian American race is included in ‘other’. One participant was missing county.
‡Age, gender and race/ethnicity estimates were obtained from the United States Census’ State Population by Characteristics: 2010–2019 data. Military service and veteran information was obtained from the American Community Survey 2018 5 year estimates.
§Urbanicity was measured at the county level with the 2013 Rural–Urban Continuum Codes. All non-metropolitan codes were collapsed into a single non-metro category.
GVRO, gun violence restraining order.