Rate ratios* of any crash, hospitalised crash or death and single vehicle crash during 2007–2016 by type of driving offence 2003–2006
| M1 demographics and driving exposure | M5 fully adjusted | |||
| RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | |||
| Any crash | Any offence | One | 1.34 (1.22 to 1.48) | 1.35 (1.22 to 1.49) |
| Two | 1.48 (1.30 to 1.69) | 1.50 (1.31 to 1.71) | ||
| Three or more | 2.22 (1.96 to 2.52) | 2.25 (1.98 to 2.57) | ||
| Reckless driving† | One or more | 1.35 (1.18 to 1.56) | 1.35 (1.17 to 1.56) | |
| Speeding† | One | 1.24 (1.12 to 1.36) | 1.24 (1.13 to 1.37) | |
| Two or more | 1.57 (1.37 to 1.81) | 1.59 (1.38 to 1.83) | ||
| Low speeding offence† | One or more | 1.06 (0.95 to 1.19) | 1.07 (0.95 to 1.20) | |
| Other offences† | One or more | 1.42 (1.27 to 1.60) | 1.43 (1.28 to 1.61) | |
| Hospitalised crash or death | Any offence | One | 1.52 (0.99 to 2.34) | 1.52 (0.97 to 2.36) |
| Two | 1.75 (0.98 to 3.11) | 1.76 (0.98 to 3.18) | ||
| Three or more | 2.83 (1.58 to 5.05) | 2.87 (1.60 to 5.17) | ||
| Reckless driving† | One or more | 3.00 (1.81 to 4.95) | 3.00 (1.83 to 4.92) | |
| Speeding† | One | 1.07 (0.67 to 1.72) | 1.09 (0.68 to 1.74) | |
| Two or more | 1.43 (0.75 to 2.71) | 1.47 (0.77 to 2.79) | ||
| Low speeding offence† | One or more | 1.34 (0.82 to 2.18) | 1.33 (0.82 to 2.16) | |
| Other offences† | One or more | 1.71 (1.01 to 2.89) | 1.77 (1.06 to 2.96) | |
| Single vehicle crash | Any offence | One | 1.59 (1.17 to 2.17) | 1.62 (1.18 to 2.23) |
| Two | 1.94 (1.32 to 2.86) | 2.03 (1.36 to 3.01) | ||
| Three or more | 3.16 (2.22 to 4.52) | 3.28 (2.28 to 4.72) | ||
| Reckless driving† | One or more | 1.32 (0.88 to 1.99) | 1.32 (0.88 to 1.99) | |
| Speeding† | One | 1.39 (1.03 to 1.86) | 1.42 (1.05 to 1.92) | |
| Two or more | 1.86 (1.26 to 2.74) | 1.92 (1.29 to 2.85) | ||
| Low speeding offence† | One or more | 1.04 (0.74 to 1.46) | 1.05 (0.75 to 1.48) | |
| Other offences† | One or more | 1.90 (1.37 to 2.64) | 1.90 (1.36 to 2.66) |
M1: age, sex, socioeconomic status of area of residence (Socio-economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA)), remoteness of area of residence and average driving per week.
M5: age, sex, socioeconomic status of area of residence (SEIFA), remoteness of area of residence, average driving per week, cannabis smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use and self-harm, risk perception score, risky driving score, sensation seeking score, self-rated driving ability, number of attempts on driver test, crash before start of follow-up not related to driving offence, lessons with professional driving instructor and time on learner licence.
*Model adjusted for.
†Adjusted for all other driving offences (calculated as number of any offence minus offence under investigation).