Circumstantial variables related to fatal drowning, X2 (p value), females, New Zealand, 2003–2019
| Total | 0–24 years | 25–64 years | 65+ years | χ2 (p value) | |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Total | 261 (100.0) | 90 (34.5) | 123 (47.1) | 48 (18.4) | 4.128 (p=0.127) |
| Drowning location* | |||||
| Beaches | 53 (20.3) | 9 (10.0) | 29 (23.6) | 15 (31.3) | 10.273 (p=0.006) |
| Domestic | 48 (18.4) | 18 (20.0) | 20 (16.3) | 10 (20.8) | 0.718 (p=0.698) |
| Home pools | 28 (10.7) | 17 (18.9) | 7 (5.7) | 4 (8.3) | 9.805 (p=0.007) |
| Inland still waters | 24 (9.2) | 13 (14.4) | 7 (5.7) | 4 (8.3) | 4.822 (p=0.090) |
| Offshore | 15 (5.7) | 3 (3.3) | 12 (9.8) | 0 | 7.544 (p=0.023) |
| Public pools | 8 (3.1) | 3 (3.3) | 4 (3.3) | 1 (2.1) | 0.192 (p=0.908) |
| Rivers | 67 (25.7) | 24 (26.7) | 31 (25.2) | 12 (25.0) | 0.072 (p=0.965) |
| Tidal waters | 18 (6.9) | 3 (3.3) | 13 (10.6) | 2 (4.2) | 4.920 (p=0.085) |
| Activity* | |||||
| Immersion incident | 163 (62.5) | 59 (65.6) | 70 (56.9) | 34 (70.8) | 3.418 (p=0.181) |
| Land based fishing | 8 (3.1) | 3 (3.3) | 5 (4.1) | 0 | 1.953 (p=0.377) |
| Non-powered boat | 11 (4.2) | 3 (3.3) | 8 (6.5) | 0 | 3.882 (p=0.144) |
| Powered boat | 9 (3.4) | 2 (2.2) | 5 (4.1) | 2 (4.2) | 0.621 (p=0.733) |
| Sailing | 4 (1.5) | 2 (2.2) | 2 (1.6) | 0 | 1.038 (p=0.595) |
| Underwater | 7 (2.7) | 0 | 7 (5.7) | 0 (0.0) | 8.070 (p=0.018) |
| Water sport/recreation | 59 (22.6) | 21 (23.3) | 26 (21.1) | 12 (25.0) | 0.336 (p=0.845) |
| Alcohol/drug involvement† | |||||
| Alcohol involved | 34 (13.0) | 5 (5.6) | 23 (18.7) | 6 (12.5) | 8.716 (p=0.013) |
| Drugs involved | 23 (8.8) | 3 (3.3) | 12 (9.8) | 8 (16.7) | 6.746 (p=0.034) |
| Alcohol and drugs involved | 9 (3.4) | 2 (2.2) | 7 (5.7) | 0 (0.0) | 4.311 (p=0.116) |
| Not involved | 176 (67.4) | 74 (82.2) | 69 (56.1) | 33 (68.8) | 16.398 (p<0.001) |
| Unknown | 19 (7.3) | 6 (6.7) | 12 (9.8) | 1 (2.1) | – |
| Hazardous conditions | |||||
| Yes | 77 (29.5) | 31 (34.4) | 43 (35.0) | 3 (6.3) | 12.847 (p=0.002) |
| No | 140 (53.6) | 57 (63.3) | 54 (43.9) | 29 (60.4) | |
| Unknown | 44 (16.9) | 2 (2.2) | 26 (21.1) | 16 (33.3) | |
*P=0.006.
†P=0.013.