Table 1

Demographic characteristics and toxicology detections of heroin and/ or fentanyl overdose decedents (n=858), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2019

Heroin and/or fentanyl without xylazine
(n=596)
Heroin and/or
fentanyl with
xylazine
(n=262)
Chi Square
P value
N%N%
Demographic characteristics
Age (years)0.0381
 15–3417228.99435.9
 35–5428547.812447.3
 ≥5513923.34416.8
Sex0.9710
 Male45275.819976.0
 Female14424.26324.0
Race/ethnicity<0.0001
 Non-Hispanic, white29349.216964.5
 Non-Hispanic, black18531.04617.6
 Hispanic11118.64216.0
 Other71.251.9
Toxicology
Additional substance detected at death*
 Fentanyl57696.6262100.00.0027
 Heroin†17228.92710.3<0.0001
 Pharmaceutical opioids‡7312.2186.90.0185
 Methadone213.5155.70.1385
 Methamphetamine508.43111.80.1122
 Benzodiazepines15826.57428.20.5984
 Cocaine31352.514053.40.8040
Evidence of injection <0.0001
 No45876.815960.7
 Yes13823.210339.3
  • *Substances are not mutually exclusive as more than one additional substance may be detected at death.

  • †Heroin may include detections for morphine only.

  • ‡Excludes detections for methadone and fentanyl.