Table 5

Covariates and coefficients used in Global Burden of Disease incidence cause models

Cause Outpatient coefficient Injury receiving formal care, inpatient and outpatient coefficient Injury warranting medical care coefficient
Animal contact7.04 (7.03–7.04)7.56 (6.91–8.31)
Non-venomous animal contact2.91 (2.91–2.92)11.21 (10.1–12.38)
Venomous animal contact3.14 (3.01–3.34)4.09 (3.69–4.5)
Drowning0.88 (0.87–0.89)1.01 (1.0–1.05)30.42 (15.33–51.11)
Falls6.91 (6.89–6.94)5.94 (5.5–6.46)9.73 (9.28–10.22)
Fire, heat and hot substances3.53 (3.53–3.56)7.82 (7.24–8.51)
Pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway3.37 (3.35–3.43)15.36 (13.93–16.86)
Foreign body in eyes931.4 (923.34–934.49)302.06 (251.14–365.04)
Foreign body in other body part1.97 (1.95–2.01)20.97 (15.55–26.26)
Interpersonal violence6.57 (6.56–6.61)21.43 (13.6–32.79)46.97 (39.57–53.62)
Assault by firearm1.36 (1.29–1.44)1.27 (1.05–1.6)53.58 (50.65–54.54)
Assault by sharp object3.18 (2.92–3.5)2.38 (1.86–3.22)37.91 (28.3–50.05)
Assault by other means5.65 (5.44–5.89)2.44 (2.02–3.2)
Exposure to mechanical forces12.4 (12.0–12.82)33.3 (30.51–36.23)
Unintentional firearm injuries2.71 (2.53–2.9)4.6 (3.49–6.36)
Other exposure to mechanical forces12.62 (12.55–12.85)30.77 (25.74–36.09)
Adverse effects of medical treatment1.06 (1.06–1.06)19.81 (17.29–26.1)
Environmental heat and cold exposure3.91 (3.9–3.94)17.54 (3.91–49.6)
Other unintentional injuries13.53 (13.46–13.78)14.95 (9.62–24.12)
Poisonings3.96 (3.73–4.19)3.78 (3.4–4.21)8.47 (4.41–16.64)
Poisoning by carbon monoxide5.86 (5.68–5.92)
Poisoning by other means4.18 (3.9–4.5)
Self-harm2.75 (2.75–2.78)2.5 (2.2–2.83)
Self-harm by firearm2.77 (2.42–3.07)16.94 (2.81–51.06)
Self-harm by other specified means1.5 (1.47–1.51)6.73 (2.78–19.14)
Other transport injuries1.65 (1.6–1.77)1.01 (1.0–1.03)
Road injuries3.77 (3.75–3.78)6.16 (5.65–6.68)15.44 (13.25–18.1)
Motorcyclist road injuries1.94 (1.92–1.99)
Motor vehicle road injuries4.48 (4.46–4.48)
Other road injuries6.9 (6.89–6.96)
Cyclist road injuries4.54 (4.33–4.89)
Pedestrian road injuries1.94 (1.94–1.96)15.78 (7.63–36.6)