Equity characteristics of participants in included studies using the PROGRESS Plus framework
| Study | Place of residence | Race/ethnicity/culture/ language | Occupation | Gender/sex | Religion | Education | Socioeconomic status (SES) | Social capital | Plus |
| Rivara et al 24 | Seattle, USA | Only English speaking were included | Not reported | All but three were women | Not reported | Not reported | Conducted in three different socioeconomic areas of the Seattle metropolitan area for diversity | Not reported | Not reported |
| Simpson et al 34 | New Jersey/Pennsylvania, USA | Predominantly white (77% and 83%, respectively, in each phase) | Not reported | Female (71% and 69%, in each phase) | Not reported | Some college education (81% and 78% in each phase) | Not reported | Not reported | Ages 35–44 (phase I; 52%) and 25–34 years (phase II; 56%) |
| Lee et al 25 | Seattle, USA | Spanish Speaking | Not reported | All but two were female | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Agran et al 26 | California, USA | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Lennon27 | Brisbane, Australia | Most were Caucasian | Not reported | 21 mothers and 3 fathers | Not reported | Most parents had at least some postsecondary education (20/24) | Centres for recruitment were selected based on SES indicators of the surrounding suburbs (one in an upper SES area; one drawing on lower SES suburbs). Around half (13/24) of the parents indicating family income. $A60 000 per annum (consistent with national figures for median income for couple-families with children) | Not reported | Most parents were aged between 30 and 39 years (16/24); two step families and at least two sole-parent families |
| Medoff-Cooper and Tulman28 | Large mid-Atlantic city, USA | One focus group consisted of 8 White women; the other focus group consisted of 4 African American women and 4 Latina women. | Most participants were employed either full time or part time | All female | Not reported | At least a high school education | Household income of at least $20 000 | Not reported | Not reported |
| Winston et al 21 | Philadelphia, USA | Formative phase: African American 46.7%, white 17.8%, Hispanic/Latino 35.5%. Evaluative phase: African American 56.3%, white 18.8%, Hispanic/Latino25.0% | Among those employed formative phase—44.9% were in service and 20.4% administrative evaluative phase—33% was in service and 44% administrative | 86.9% female in formative phase; 89.8% in evaluative | Not reported | Inclusion criteria was educational attainment of, at most, at most a high school diploma | Unemployed 50.5% in formative phase; 43.2% in evaluative phase | Not reported | Formative phase: 30.8% single, 5.6% separated, 3.7% divorced Evaluative phase: 45.5% single, 4% separated, 5.3% divorced |
| Johnston et al 29 | Central and southeast Seattle, USA | Only African American, Somali and Vietnamese parents were recruited. | Not reported | 80% female overall (disaggregated by race reported) | Not reported | Not reported | Low-income groups were specifically recruited for the study; 63% own a vehicle; (disaggregated by race reported) | Not reported | Are likely to be immigrants |
| Erkoboni et al 22 | Beijing China | Not reported | 8.5% were unemployed and rest employed (12.5% medical, 12.5% administrative, 37.5% service) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Aged 31–35 (56.5%) and married (98.6%) |
| Brown et al 30 | New South Wales, Australia | 11 language specific focus groups in Arabic, Assyrian, Cantonese, Mandarin, Vietnamese and Turkish. | Not reported | Ten groups were female-only and one Arabic-speaking group was male-only | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | All participants were non-English speaking in Australia and the study was hence focussed on a linguistic minority. However, majority also spoke English in Arabic and Assyrain group only. Many of them are immigrants (mean duration in Australia is 10–20 years in different groups with the minimum being 1 year in Assyrian and Cantonese group) |
| Chen et al 33 | Shanghai, China | Not reported | Not reported | Two of the 14 participants were fathers and the rest were mothers | Not reported | Bachelors or higher | Monthly income at or above average of city; all drove to work using car | Not reported | Young age 29–34 years |
| Nelson et al 31 | Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | All spoke Arabic | Not reported | All female | Not reported specifically but mentions predominantly Muslim population as influencing perception. | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Only pregnant women. Over 50% of the participants were in the second half of pregnancy. For 7 women, this was their first pregnancy, and the rest already had children |
| Liu et al 35 | Shantou, China | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported but all participants owned at least one private car | Twenty-five of the 30 participants were native to Shantou, and the rest were originally from other parts of China | Not reported | Only pregnant women were recruited. 76.7% were pregnant for the first time |
| Fleisher et al 23 | USA | African American (48%) | Not reported | Female (86%), | Not reported | At least some college education (62%) | Primary care practices were chosen based on geographic location to ensure variability in participant race/ethnicity, community setting and SES | Not reported | Not reported |
| Hunter et al 36 | New South Wales, Australia | Aboriginal but spoke English as their primary language at home | Not reported | All were female | From different educational strata; almost equally. | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| McKenzie et al 37 | Columbia, USA | Somali refugees and immigrants in USA | Key informant interviews revealed unemployment is a problem in the community | Not reported | Not reported | Key informant review revealed that the community has a problem of illiteracy | Not reported but says the community has a problem of daily living | Key informant reviews mentions says the community has a problem of adjustment and culture shock | Key informant interviews revealed that time send in refugee camps and displaced status has led to mental health issues |
| Hall et al 32 | Sydney, Australia | Culturally and linguistically diverse group included (also see education and SES column) | Not reported | 95% were female | Not reported | Three groups of child restraint system users:
| Not reported | Not reported | |