Categories of river drowning prevention strategies proposed by Delphi participants at phase 1 (n=11)
| Category | Strategies (n) | Example strategy |
| Life jackets | 9 | Lifejacket wear for children. |
| Personal behaviours | 17 | Do not engage in water recreation in a river alone. |
| Knowledge | 10 | Strategies to survive cold water immersion. |
| Public awareness and advocacy | 12 | Raise awareness of the dangers of submerged obstacles. |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and rescue | 7 | Training for all boat personnel in CPR, calling for rescue, and search and rescue. |
| Personal skills | 9 | Teach self-rescue skills to enable unaided movement to water’s edge. |
| Signage | 13 | Highly visible signs warning of local hazards at popular swimming destinations. |
| Engineering | 19 | Safe and accessible infrastructure, such as bridges, for crossing rivers. |
| Flooding | 18 | Establish effective early warning systems for notifying at-risk citizens when rivers are flooded. |
| Alcohol | 11 | Restriction of alcohol usage around hire and drive vessels, such as houseboats and party boats. |
| Other | 14 | Include river drowning prevention in national and local water safety plans. |
| Total | 139 |