Road system | Case location | Control location (distant) | Bivariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
n | % | n | % | OR | (95% CI) | aOR | 95% CI | |
Intersection features | ||||||||
Intersection | ||||||||
T | 27 | 37.50 | 20 | 27.80 | 1.64 | 0.76 to 3.60 | – | – |
Cross | 40 | 55.60 | 49 | 68.10 | 1 | – | – | |
Ways* | ||||||||
Four | 51 | 10.80 | 41 | 56.90 | 2.77 | 1.02 to 816 | – | – |
Three | 13 | 18.10 | 13 | 18.10 | 2.21 | 0.63 to 8.19 | – | – |
Two | 8 | 11.10 | 18 | 25.00 | 1 | |||
Pot-holes | ||||||||
In both streets | 8 | 11.10 | 10 | 13.90 | 0.96 | 0.29 to 0.03 | – | – |
In one street | 26 | 36.10 | 16 | 22.20 | 1.95 | 0.86 to 4.52 | – | – |
None | 38 | 52.80 | 46 | 63.90 | 1 | |||
Intersection infrastructure | ||||||||
Bus stops | ||||||||
On both streets | 17 | 23.61 | 4 | 5.56 | 9.44 | 2.78 to 32.08 | 6.5 | 1.81 to 23.36 |
On one street | 37 | 51.39 | 28 | 38.89 | 2.94 | 1.40 to 6.17 | 2.56 | 1.61 to 5.68 |
None | 18 | 25.00 | 40 | 55.56 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Pedestrian bridge | ||||||||
Yes | 18 | 25.00 | 72 | 100.0 | – | – | – | – |
No | 54 | 75.00 | 0 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
Speed bump | ||||||||
On both streets | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 5.60 | ||||
On one street | 4 | 5.6 | 7 | 9.70 | 0.51 | 0.10 to 2.14 | – | – |
None | 68 | 94.40 | 61 | 84.70 | 1 | – | – | |
Road signs | ||||||||
Stop signs (horizontal) | ||||||||
On both streets | 5 | 6.90 | 7 | 9.70 | 0.49 | 0.11 to 1.97 | – | – |
On one street | 20 | 27.80 | 33 | 45.80 | 0.41 | 0.46 to 2.33 | – | – |
None | 47 | 65.30 | 32 | 44.40 | 1 | |||
Stops signs (vertical) | ||||||||
On both streets | 4 | 5.56 | 13 | 18.06 | 0.27 | 0.08 to 0.86 | 0.19 | 0.06 to 0.63 |
On one street | 68 | 94.44 | 59 | 81.94 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Lane markings | ||||||||
Marked | 43 | 59.90 | 36 | 50.00 | 1.47 | 0.72 to 3.02 | – | – |
Not marked | 29 | 40.30 | 36 | 50.00 | 1 | – | – | |
Directional arrows | ||||||||
Marked | 20 | 27.80 | 29 | 40.30 | 0.82 | 0.40 to 1.67 | – | – |
Not marked | 52 | 72.30 | 43 | 59.70 | 1 | – | – | |
Speed limit | ||||||||
Marked | 8 | 11.20 | 12 | 16.70 | 0.62 | 0.20 to 1.8 | – | – |
Not marked | 64 | 88.90 | 60 | 83.30 | 1 | – | – | |
Pedestrian subsystem | ||||||||
Crosswalks | ||||||||
On both streets | 18 | 25.00 | 28 | 38.89 | 0.37 | 0.17 to 0.81 | 0.19 | 0.08 to 0.49 |
On one street | 14 | 19.44 | 21 | 29.17 | 0.38 | 0.16 to 0.89 | 0.28 | 0.10 to 0.76 |
None | 40 | 55.56 | 23 | 31.94 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Cars parked on the sidewalks | ||||||||
On both streets | 12 | 16.70 | 5 | 6.90 | 2.90 | 0.85 to 11.53 | – | – |
On one street | 24 | 33.30 | 23 | 31.90 | 1.27 | 0.58 to 2.79 | – | – |
None | 36 | 50.00 | 44 | 61.10 | 1 | |||
Street vending | ||||||||
On both streets | 8 | 11.11 | 1 | 1.39 | 11.00 | 1.32 to 91.48 | 7.97 | 0.94 to 68.37 |
On one street | 14 | 19.44 | 16 | 22.22 | 2.06 | 0.97 to 4.38 | 1.37 | 0.60 to 3.14 |
None | 40 | 55.56 | 55 | 76.39 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Continuous sidewalk | ||||||||
On both streets | 43 | 59.70 | 41 | 56.90 | 1.67 | 0.72 to 3.94 | – | – |
On one street | 14 | 19.40 | 7 | 9.70 | 3.13 | 0.92 to 11.51 | – | – |
Non-continuous | 15 | 20.80 | 24 | 33.30 | 1 | |||
Cracked, broken or irregular sidewalks | ||||||||
On both streets | 33 | 45.80 | 25 | 34.70 | 2.31 | 0.91 to 6.04 | – | – |
On one street | 26 | 36.10 | 24 | 33.30 | 1.90 | 0.73 to 5.08 | – | – |
None | 13 | 18.10 | 23 | 31.90 | 1 | |||
Road infrastructure | ||||||||
Traffic light | ||||||||
Yes | 25 | 34.72 | 22 | 30.56 | 1.21 | 0.60 to 2.43 | 0.86 | 0.40 to 1.87 |
No | 47 | 65.28 | 50 | 69.44 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Pedestrian island | ||||||||
Yes | 36 | 50.00 | 15 | 20.83 | 3.80 | 1.82 to 7.91 | 2.93 | 1.33 to 6.46 |
No | 39 | 50.00 | 57 | 69.44 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Sidewalk | ||||||||
>3 m | 35 | 48.61 | 25 | 34.72 | 2.26 | 1.03 to 4.92 | 1.99 | 0.90 to 4.41 |
>1.7 m to <3 m | 19 | 26.39 | 15 | 20.83 | 1.70 | 0.71 to 4.07 | 1.94 | 0.78 to 4.81 |
<1.7 m | 18 | 25.00 | 32 | 44.44 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Road features | ||||||||
Road hierarchy† | ||||||||
Arterial | 26 | 36.10 | 7 | 9.70 | 2.23 | 0.73 to 7.45 | – | – |
Collector | 7 | 9.70 | 13 | 18.10 | 0.33 | 0.09 to 1.10 | – | – |
Minor collector | 5 | 6.90 | 7 | 9.70 | 0.44 | 0.09 to 1.90 | – | – |
Subcollector | 5 | 6.90 | 13 | 18.10 | 0.23 | 0.06 to 0.87 | – | – |
Local | 1 | 1.4 | 15 | 20.80 | 0.04 | 0.001 to 0.32 | – | – |
Access to property | 28 | 38.90 | 17 | 23.60 | 1 | |||
Road materials | ||||||||
Cobble | 1 | 1.40 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||
Concrete | 27 | 37.50 | 21 | 29.20 | 1.28 | 0.59 to 2.79 | – | – |
Paving stone | 1 | 1.40 | 6 | 8.30 | 0.16 | 0.003 to 1.48 | – | – |
Dirt | 1 | 1.40 | 3 | 4.20 | 0.33 | 0.01 to 4.39 | – | – |
Asphalt | 42 | 58.30 | 42 | 58.30 | 1 | |||
Other road features | ||||||||
Road width | ||||||||
>28 m | 34 | 47.22 | 19 | 26.39 | 4.47 | 1.94 to 10.32 | 2.24 | 0.81 to 6.20 |
>12 to <28 m | 24 | 33.33 | 18 | 25.00 | 3.33 | 1.37 to 7.96 | 1.79 | 0.63 to 5.08 |
<12 m | 14 | 19.44 | 35 | 48.61 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Parked cars | ||||||||
>15 | 26 | 36.11 | 28 | 38.89 | 0.67 | 0.31 to 1.46 | 0.41 | 0.16 to 1.06 |
<15 to >6 | 17 | 23.61 | 23 | 31.94 | 0.53 | 0.23 to 1.24 | 0.39 | 0.16 to 0.96 |
<6 | 29 | 40.28 | 21 | 29.17 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Traffic flow‡ | ||||||||
≥260 | 36 | 50.00 | 7 | 9.72 | 20.00 | 6.71 to 59.59 | 3.72 | 1.06 to 13.09 |
35–259 | 27 | 37.50 | 30 | 41.67 | 3.50 | 1.43 to 8.59 | 1.31 | 0.29 to 6.02 |
0–34 | 9 | 12.50 | 35 | 48.61 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Pedestrian flow‡ | ||||||||
≥14 | 37 | 51.39 | 23 | 31.94 | 2.41 | 1.06 to 5.47 | 1.78 | 0.72 to 4.42 |
8–13 | 19 | 26.39 | 25 | 34.72 | 1.14 | 0.48 to 2.72 | 0.93 | 0.37 to 2.36 |
0–7 | 16 | 22.22 | 24 | 33.33 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
In the multivariate analysis, the variables were adjusted among them.
*Refers to the direction of vehicles going north-south and vice versa, and east-west and vice versa; therefore, if these converge at an intersection, this is called four ways, and so forth.
†The hierarchy is based on the road width, number of lanes and road capacity.
‡Estimated on a 5 min or 300 s lapse.
aOR, adjusted OR.