Characteristics of case locations, matched controls and unmatched locations
| Variable | Mean (SD*) | ||
| Cases (n=1609) | Controls (n=1609) | Unmatched (n=21 190) | |
| Beer stores, 1 or more, % | |||
| Same block | 2.3 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
| Within one block | 12.1 | 8.9 | 9.6 |
| Within two blocks | 33.6 | 31.4 | 30.9 |
| Bars/restaurants, 1 or more, % | |||
| Same block | 8.8 | 4.7 | 4.6 |
| Within one block | 40.5 | 34.6 | 32.0 |
| Within two blocks | 73.6 | 69.5 | 65.2 |
| Black population density (1000 residents/square mile)† | 14.9 (5.5) | 14.2 (6.1) | 10.5 (6.6) |
| Hispanic population density (1000 residents/square mile)† | 5.0 (5.2) | 4.3 (4.6) | 3.5 (3.7) |
| Unemployed population density (1000 residents/square mile)† | 1.8 (0.5) | 1.7 (0.5) | 1.4 (0.6) |
| Total income (1 million USD/square mile)† | 419 (226) | 442 (252) | 541 (397) |
| Drug activity‡ | 0.7 (1.9) | 0.3 (1.2) | −0.1 (0.8) |
| Vacant lots (n) | 2.5 (4.5) | 2.1 (4.5) | 1.1 (3.3) |
| Street trees (n) | 3.6 (4.9) | 4.0 (5.2) | 4.6 (6.1) |
| Commercial land use (parcels/block) | |||
| Same block | 2.2 (4.9) | 1.4 (2.8) | 0.9 (2.7) |
| Within one block, mean | 2.1 (2.3) | 1.8 (2.3) | 1.5 (2.3) |
| Within two blocks, mean | 1.7 (1.4) | 1.5 (1.2) | 1.2 (1.2) |
*SD reported for continuous variables only.
†Calculated using inverse distance weighting from block group centroids, following Branas et al. 9
‡Calculated as kernel density of drug-related police incident reports, mean-centred and scaled by SD over the full dataset.