Cross-sectional models, with and without adjustment for population (n=202)
| Cross-sectional 1991 | Cross-sectional 2001 | Cross-sectional 2011 | Repeated measures cross-sectional (1991, 2001, 2011) | |||||
| Model A | Model B | Model A | Model B | Model A | Model B | Model A | Model B | |
| Cycle commuters | 0.48 (0.41 to 0.55) | 0.42 (0.35 to 0.48) | 0.68 (0.60 to 0.76) | 0.52 (0.45 to 0.60) | 0.75 (0.69 to 0.82) | 0.62 (0.54 to 0.70) | 0.61 (0.55 to 0.67) | 0.47 (0.42 to 0.53) |
| Motor vehicle kilometres | 0.30 (0.20 to 0.40) | −0.13 (−0.27 to 0.01) | 0.14 (0.05 to 0.23) | −0.32 (−0.46 to –0.19) | 0.15 (0.07 to 0.22) | −0.10 (−0.22 to 0.02) | 0.16 (0.08 to 0.24) | −0.24 (−0.34 to –0.14) |
| Population | 0.69 (0.51 to 0.86) | 0.86 (0.67 to 1.05) | 0.50 (0.29 to 0.71) | 0.76 (0.62 to 0.91) | ||||
Model A implements equation 2a, model B implements equation 2b: the difference between the two is that model B additionally adjusts for the local authority population size.