Drowning mortality estimates by sex
| Data source | Time period | Drowning related ICD-10 codes (range) | Males | Females | ||||||||||||
| Total all-cause deaths | Total drowning deaths | Drowning fraction* | Total population (annual average) | Annual average drowning mortality rate/ 100,000† | Total all-cause deaths | Total drowning deaths | Drowning fraction | Total population (annual average) | Annual average drowning mortality rate/100 000 | |||||||
| % | 95% CI | Rate | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | Rate | 95% CI | |||||||||
| Population-based data (combined)‡ | – | V90–Y21 | 15 581 | 161 | 1.00 | 0.79 to 1.26 | 492 361 | 8.3 | 6.6 to 10.6 | 13 994 | 78 | 0.55 | 0.41 to 0.72 | 520 566 | 3.9 | 2.9 to 5.2 |
| Hospital-based data (combined)§ | – | – | 1997 | 44 | 2.62 | 0.75 to 8.74 | – | – | – | 2060 | 12 | 0.73 | 0.19 to 2.77 | – | – | – |
| WHO GHE global database | 2015 | W65–W74 | 224 780 | 2367 | 1.05 | – | 26 574 000 | 8.9 | – | 190 342 | 1087 | 0.57 | – | 26 896 000 | 4.0 | – |
| GBD global database | 2016 | W65–W74 | 207 928 | 1661 | 0.80 | 0.67 to 0.97 | 27 229 508 | 6.1 | 5.0 to 7.6 | 180 984 | 825 | 0.46 | 0.33 to 0.71 | 27 500 000 | 3.0 | 2.1 to 4.9 |
*P values for difference by sex: <0.001 across population-based data; <0.001 across hospital-based data.
†P values for difference by sex <0.001 across population-based data.
‡Drowning fraction: Ifakara HDSS, Rufiji HDSS, SAVVY survey, Kaatano et al, 200912; Annual average drowning mortality rate: Ifakara HDSS, Rufiji HDSS, SAVVY survey.
§Murray et al, 2011.13
GBD, Global Burden of Disease; HDSS, Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases 10th revision; SAVVY, Sample Vital registration with Verbal autopsy; WHO GHE, WHO Global Health Estimates.