Relevant data sources acquired and completeness of drowning mortality
| Data source | Study design/Data description | Sites | Time period | Total all-cause deaths | Total drowning deaths | Mortality data by study site | Mortality data by age group | Mortality data by sex | ICD-10 codes | Population data |
| Population-based data | ||||||||||
| Ifakara HDSS (Geubbels et al 20157) | Longitudinal health and demographic system with verbal autopsies | *Ifakara urban HDSS: Ifakara town, Kilombero district | Jan 2008–Dec 2014 | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| *Ifakara rural HDSS: 25 villages across Kilombero & Ulanga districts, Morogoro region | ||||||||||
| Rufiji HDSS (Mrema et al 20158) | Longitudinal health and demographic system with verbal autopsies | Rufiji district (38 villages), Pwani region | Jan 2008–Dec 2014 | x | x | NAP | x | x | x | x |
| SAVVY survey (Kabadi et al 20159) | Longitudinal health and demographic system with verbal autopsies | 22 districts across the mainland | Jan 2011–Dec 2014 | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| AMMP survey (Moshiro et al 200110) | Longitudinal health and demographic system with verbal autopsies | *Dar es Salaam, Ilala & Temeke districts | Jul 1992–Jun 1998 | Drowning mortality rates by sex and by study site published | ||||||
| *Morogoro Rural district (61 villages), Morogoro region | ||||||||||
| *Hai district (51 villages), Kilimanjaro region | ||||||||||
| Kamugisha et al 200711 | Cross-sectional household survey with verbal autopsies | Muheza district (four villages in highland areas & four villages in lowland areas), Tanga region | Not reported | x | x | NAP | – | – | – | – |
| Kaatano et al 200912 | Cross-sectional household survey with verbal autopsies | Muleba district (three villages in malaria epidemic areas & three villages in non-epidemic areas), Kagera region | Jul 1997–Jun 2007 | x | x | NAP | Age groups not comparable | x | x | – |
| Hospital-based data | ||||||||||
| Murray et al 201113 | Review of all medical records | *Five hospitals in Dar es Salaam | Nov 2006–Dec 2010 | x | x | x | x | x | Not exploitable* | NAP |
| *All four hospitals on Pemba island | ||||||||||
| Peck et al 201314 | Review of medical records of admissions at the adult medical wards | Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza district, Mwanza region | Jan 2009–Dec 2011 | x | x | NAP | – | – | – | NAP |
| Boniface et al 201315 | Review of medical records of admissions at the casualty departments | Six hospitals across the mainland | Nov 2011–Dec 2012 | x | x | – | – | – | – | NAP |
| Report–based data | ||||||||||
| SUMATRA | Number of passengers in distress, rescued and missing related to sunken vessels (>4 m) | Tanzanian territorial waters | 2006–2016 | x | – | NAP | – | – | – | – |
| Global database data | ||||||||||
| EM–DAT | Deaths related to disasters, including water-related disasters | Tanzania | 2000–2016 | x | – | NAP | – | – | – | – |
| GBD | Modelled national cause-specific mortality estimates | Tanzania | 2016 | x | x | NAP | x | x | – | x |
| WHO GHE | Modelled national cause-specific mortality estimates | Tanzania | 2015 | x | x | NAP | Age groups not comparable | x | – | x |
*All drowning deaths were allocated the ICD-10 code W65 ‘drowning and submersion while in bath-tub’, and, since this coding seems unlikely in this context, we did not include these data in our analysis of ICD-10 codes.
AMMP, Adult Mortality and Morbidity Project; EM-DAT, Emergency Events Database; GBD, Global Burden of Disease; HDSS, Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases 10th revision; NAP, Non Applicable; SAVVY, Sample Vital registration with Verbal autopsy; SUMATRA, Ministry of Transport Surface and Marine Regulatory Authority; WHO GHE, WHO Global Health Estimates.