Table 1

Effects of fire safe cigarette laws on the incidence of all-cause fire mortality

Model:	I	II	III	IV
Panel A: all-cause fire mortality (any location)
Effect estimate (IRR, 95% CI)	0.78 (0.75 to 0.81)	0.95 (0.90 to 1.01)	0.95 (0.90 to 1.01)	0.95 (0.90 to 1.00)
State effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Year effects		Yes	Yes	Yes
Time-varying covariates			Yes	Yes
State-specific trends				Yes
N states	49	49	49	49
Average observations per state	14	14	14	14
Valid state-years	685	685	685	685
Panel B: all-cause fire mortality (residential fires)
Effect estimate (IRR, 95% CI)	0.80 (0.76 to 0.84)	0.94 (0.86 to 1.03)	0.94 (0.86 to 1.02)	0.94 (0.86 to 1.02)
State effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Year effects		Yes	Yes	Yes
Time-varying covariates			Yes	Yes
State-specific trends				Yes
N states	46	46	46	46
Average observations per state	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9
Valid state-years	547	547	547	547

Poisson regression models with clustered-robust SEs were used to estimate the effects while accounting for correlated errors within states. The dependent variable is offset by population size (per state-year) in all models. The time-varying covariates included in models III–IV are per capita disposable income, cigarette sales, ethanol consumption and the per cent of the population aged ≥65 years.