Ordinary least square (OLS) and robust random effect (RRE) models of the effects of Traffic law reform, Police traffic enforcement, Police per 100 000 population and Road safety institutional mechanism on traffic fatality and severe injury rates per 10 000 vehicles and per 100 000 population, 2000–2012
| Fatalities per vehicle | Fatalities per population | Severe injuries per vehicle | Severe injuries per population | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OLS | RRE | OLS | RRE | OLS | RRE | OLS | RRE | |
| Independent variables | ||||||||
| Traffic law reform | 0.365 (1.215) | 0.365 (0.897) | 0.650 (1.182) | 0.650 (0.836) | −0.096 (0.893) | −0.096 (0.868) | −0.218 (0.894) | −0.218 (0.931) |
| Police traffic enforcement | 0.082 (0.085) | 0.082 (0.081) | 0.154 (0.083) | 0.154 (0.102) | −0.056 (0.062) | −0.056 (0.098) | −0.062 (0.063) | −0.062 (0.103) |
| Police per 100 000 population | −2.022 (0.954)** | −2.022 (0.889)** | −1.166 (0.928) | −1.166 (0.650) | −1.283 (0.701) | −1.283 (1.108) | −1.414 (0.702)** | −1.414 (1.158) |
| Road safety institutional mechanism† | −0.071 (0.029)** | −0.071 (0.023)*** | −0.083 (0.028)*** | −0.083 (0.019)*** | −0.072 (0.021)*** | −0.072 (0.033)** | −0.075 (0.021)*** | −0.075 (0.034)** |
| Controls | ||||||||
| Road infrastructure investment | 0.022 (0.042) | 0.022 (0.045) | 0.024 (0.041) | 0.024 (0.048) | −0.000 (0.031) | −0.000 (0.027) | 0.000 (0.031) | 0.000 (0.027) |
| Oil price average | 0.180 (1.600) | 0.180 (1.277) | 0.218 (1.557) | 0.218 (1.125) | 0.790 (1.176) | 0.790 (1.205) | 0.871 (1.177) | 0.871 (1.305) |
| Alcohol consumption | −0.234 (0.322) | −0.234 (0.316) | −0.299 (0.313) | −0.299 (0.300) | 0.465 (0.237) | 0.465 (0.243) | 0.465 (0.237) | 0.465 (0.228)** |
| Percentage of young male population | −0.172 (0.296) | −0.172 (0.360) | −0.153 (0.288) | −0.153 (0.284) | 0.201 (0.217) | 0.201 (0.076)*** | 0.193 (0.217) | 0.193 (0.097)** |
| Unemployment | −0.063 (0.095) | −0.063 (0.109) | −0.041 (0.092) | −0.041 (0.125) | 0.030 (0.070) | 0.030 (0.101) | 0.032 (0.070) | 0.032 (0.104) |
| Year fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Region fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Overall R2 | 0.23 | 0.82 | 0.61 | 0.68 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.46 | 0.56 |
| N | 169 | 169 | 169 | 169 | ||||
**p<0.05, ***p<0.01.
† Interaction effect of ‘Traffic law reform’בPolice traffic enforcement’.