Adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) (95% CIs) by age, gender, area of residence, socioeconomic status (wealth index tertiles) and highest education attained for injury that received any form of healthcare (outpatient, inpatient, traditional healer) in the 1st week, Sudan Household Health Survey 2010
| RTC | Falls | Animal bite/venom | Assault | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (ref=females) | p<0.001 | p=0.02 | p=0.26 | p<0.001 |
| Males | 3.3 (2.4 to 4.7)* | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.9)* | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.1) | 3.0 (1.8 to 5)* |
| Area (ref=urban) | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p=0.22 |
| Rural | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.6)* | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.2)† | 3.2 (2.3 to 4.6)* | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.2) |
| Age group in years (ref=0–5) | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p=0.04 |
| 65+ | 6.1 (2.8 to 13.4)* | 6.3 (4.1 to 9.8)* | 3.1 (1.3 to 7.2)* | 11 (2.2 to 56.2)* |
| 45–64 | 5.6 (2.8 to 11.1)* | 3.6 (2.4 to 5.3)* | 5.5 (3 to 10.1)* | 8.0 (1.8 to 36.2)* |
| 15–44 | 4.8 (2.5 to 9.3)* | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.4)* | 5.1 (2.9 to 9.1)* | 7.4 (1.7 to 32.3)* |
| 5–14 | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.6) | 2.4 (1.7 to 3.6)* | 2.4 (1.3 to 4.3)* | 9.0 (2.2 to 37.3)* |
| Wealth index tertiles (ref=poorest) | p=0.01 | p=0.46 | p=0.94 | p=0.02 |
| Richest | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.2) | 1.3 (0.8 to 1.9)† | 1 (0.8 to 1.4) | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.8)* |
| Middle | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.7)* | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.6) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1) |
| Education (ref=none) | P=0.41 | p=0.33 | p=0.10 | p=0.49 |
| Secondary+ | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.8) | 1 (0.7 to 1.5) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | 1.2 (0.5 to 2.9) |
| Primary | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.9) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.5) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.4) |
| Interactions | p=0.01 | |||
| Rural : Middle wealth tertile | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) | |||
| Rural: Richest wealth tertile | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.8)* |
| Mechanical | Fire/hot substance | Poisoning | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (ref=females) | p=0.004 | p=0.61 | p=0.47 | ||
| Males | 2.0 (1.2 to 3.1)* | Males | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.9) | Males | 1.2 (0.7 to 2) |
| Area (ref=urban) | p=0.22 | p=0.37 | p=0.35 | ||
| Rural | 7 (1 to 51.9) | Rural | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) | Rural | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) |
| Age group in years (ref=0–14) | p<0.001 | Age group (ref=0–4) | p<0.001 | Age group (ref=0–4) | p=0.51 |
| 65+ | 4.4 (1.7 to 10.9)* | 15+ | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3)* | 45+ | 1.7 (0.7 to 4.3) |
| 45–64 | 4.3 (2.3 to 8.5)* | 5–14 | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.5)* | 15–44 | 1.5 (0.6 to 3.7) |
| 15–44 | 3.0 (1.6 to 5.6)* | 5–14 | 1.1 (0.4 to 2.7) | ||
| Wealth index tertiles (ref=poorest) | p=0.56 | p=0.76 | p=0.40 | ||
| Richest | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5) | Richest | 1.1 (0.5 to 2) | Richest | 1.7 (0.8 to 3.7) |
| Middle | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.9) | Middle | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.2) | Middle | 1.4 (0.7 to 2.8) |
| Education (ref=none) | p=0.11 | p=0.77 | p=0.03 | ||
| Secondary+ | 7.2 (0.9 to 59.7) | Secondary+ | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.5) | Secondary+ | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.1) |
| Primary | 8.3 (1.1 to 63.8)* | Primary | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.1) | Primary | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.8)* |
197 records were excluded due to missing values.
*Statistically significant at 0.05 level.
†Because interactions between wealth index tertiles and area of residence were statistically significant they were kept in the falls regression model. Thus the coefficients for these main effects represent the coefficients in the reference group of the interacting variable; the coefficient for area is that of the group in the poorest wealth tertile in rural areas, while those for wealth index tertile represent those in urban areas. In a subgroup analysis, prevalence ratio (PR) for the richest tertile of the population in rural areas was 0.6 95% CI 0.4 to 0.8, while there were no statistically significant differences between wealth tertiles in urban areas.