Walking CS | Injury CS/Long/TS (n=25) | Injury CC/CCROSS (n=11) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Partial | Yes | NA/UTD | No | Partial | Yes | NA/UTD | No | Partial | Yes | NA/UTD | |
1. Description | ||||||||||||
Hypothesis/objective(s) | 1 (2) | 4 (8) | 45 (90) | 0 | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 24 (96) | 0 | 0 | 3 (27) | 8 (73) | 0 |
Exposures clear | 0 | 1 (2) | 7 (14) | 42 (84) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (32) | 17 (68) | 0 | 0 | 2 (18) | 9 (82) |
Outcome clear | 0 | 4 (8) | 46 (92) | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 25 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) | 0 |
Study design* | 0 | 24 (48) | 26 (52) | 0 | 1 (4) | 19 (76) | 5 (20) | 0 | 1 (9) | 2 (18) | 8 (73) | 0 |
Population source/sampling frame | 2 (4) | 7 (14) | 41 (82) | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 25 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) | 0 |
Eligibility criteria | 5 (10) | 10 (20) | 35 (70) | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 25 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) | 0 |
Participation rate/record availability | 15 (30) | 1 (2) | 34 (68) | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 25 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 (55) | 5 (45) |
Participant characteristics | 12 (24) | 0 | 37 (74) | 1 (2) | 6 (24) | 2 (8) | 17 (68) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) | 0 |
Non-participant characteristics | 42 (84) | 0 | 8 (16) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 (100) | 0 | 2 (18) | 0 | 9 (82) |
Covariates–individual variables | 1 (2) | 5 (10) | 40 (80) | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (32) | 17 (68) | 1 (9) | 1 (9) | 9 (82) | 0 |
Covariates–environment | ||||||||||||
Variables | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | 40 (80) | 7 (14) | 0 (0) | 4 (16) | 14 (56) | 7 (28) | 2 (18) | 0 | 9 (82) | 0 |
Statistical methods | 1 (2) | 3 (6) | 46 (92) | 0 | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 24 (96) | 0 | 0 | 2 (18) | 9 (82) | 0 |
Main findings | 0 | 1 (2) | 49 (98) | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 25 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) | 0 |
Estimates of random variability | 12 (24) | 0 | 38 (76) | 0 | 16 (64) | 0 (0) | 9 (36) | 0 | 2 (18) | 0 | 9 (82) | 0 |
Estimates of statistical parameters | 0 | 0 | 50 (100) | 0 | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | 23 (92) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) | 0 |
Sample size calculations | 49 (98) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 (100) | 0 | 0 | 2 (18) | 9 (82) | |
2. Methods quality | ||||||||||||
2.1 Subject selection | ||||||||||||
Controls comparable with cases | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) | 0 | ||||||||
Participation rate/record availability adequacy | 14 (28) | 15 (30) | 6 (12) | 15 (30) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 (100) | 0 | 1 (9) | 4 (36) | 6 (55) |
Cases/controls recruited over same period of time | 0 | 0 | 6 (55) | 5 (45) | ||||||||
Newly incident cases accounted for | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) | ||||||||
Subject losses/unavailable records | 42 (84) | 2 (4) | 2 (4) | 4 (8) | 0 | 0 | 1 (4) | 24 (96) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) |
2.2 Measurement | ||||||||||||
Exposure/covariate measure reliability | 2 (4) | 9 (18) | 3 (6) | 35 (70) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) |
Exposure/covariate measure valid | 0 | 7 (14) | 2 (4) | 41 (82) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) |
Exposure assessment similar for case/controls | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) | 0 | ||||||||
Exposure prior to disease | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (100 | ||||||||
Observers blinding | 0 | 0 | 2 (18) | 9 (82) | ||||||||
Subject blinding | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) | ||||||||
Outcome measures reliable | 1 (2) | 4 (8) | 4 (8) | 41 (82) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) |
Outcome measures valid | 0 | 5 (10) | 0 | 45 (90) | 1 (4) | 0 | 0 | 24 (96) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) |
Standard methods of assessing outcome both case/controls | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) | 0 | ||||||||
Observations over same time for case/controls | 0 | 0 | 4 | 7 (64) | ||||||||
2.3 Data analysis | ||||||||||||
Prior history of disease accounted for | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) | ||||||||
Adequate covariate adjustment–individual | 0 | 2 (4) | 44 (88) | 4 (8) | 0 | 0 | 8 (32) | 17 (68) | 0 | 1 (9) | 9 (82) | 1 (9) |
Adequate covariate adjustment–environment | 0 | 0 | 42 (84) | 8 (16) | 0 | 0 | 17 (68) | 8 (32) | 2 (18) | 0 | 9 (82) | 0 |
Time between exposure and outcome same cases/controls | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (100) | ||||||||
Data reported by subgroups | 15 (30) | 0 | 35 (70) | 0 | 7 (28) | 0 | 18 (72) | 0 | 3 (27) | 0 | 8 (73) | 0 |
2.4 Generalisation | ||||||||||||
To eligible population | 13 (26) | 16 (32) | 6 (12) | 15 (30) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 (100) | 0 | 1 (4) | 4 (36) | 6 (55) |
To other relevant populations | 13 (26) | 16 (32) | 6 (12) | 15 (30) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 (100) | 0 | 1 (4) | 4 (36) | 6 (55) |
Shading=not applicable for study design.
CC, case control; CCROSS, case crossover; CS, cross-sectional; Long, longitudinal; NA/UTD, not applicable/unable to determine; TS, time series.