Table 3

Rate ratios showing changes in injury rates associated with change in road environment and area characteristics of LSOAs

Variable	‘White’ children			‘Asian’ children			‘Black’ children
Variable	Rate ratio	95% CI	p Value	Rate ratio	95% CI	p Value	Rate ratio	95% CI	p Value
All times
Density of A roads	1.008	(1.005 to 1.010)	<0.001	1.005	(1.001 to 1.010)	0.009	1.011	(1.008 to 1.013)	<0.001
Density of minor roads	0.996	(0.994 to 0.997)	<0.001	0.998	(0.995 to 1.000)	0.023	0.996	(0.995 to 0.997)	<0.001
Junction density	1.086	(1.030 to 1.146)	0.002	1.008	(0.919 to 1.105)	0.868	1.064	(1.004 to 1.127)	0.035
Traffic flow (1000 vehicles)	0.977	(0.968 to 0.987)	<0.001	0.983	(0.971 to 0.995)	0.005	0.995	(0.984 to 1.007)	0.434
Speed (kph)	1.019	(1.007 to 1.030)	0.001	1.024	(1.004 to 1.045)	0.019	0.969	(0.957 to 0.981)	<0.001
Proportion of business postcodes	1.047	(1.039 to 1.055)	<0.001	1.040	(1.031 to 1.050)	<0.001	1.040	(1.033 to 1.048)	<0.001
Area (square metres)	1.000	(0.999 to 1.000)	0.299	1.000	(0.999 to 1.001)	0.778	1.000	(0.999 to 1.001)	0.688
Time of the morning commute
Density of A roads	1.010	(1.005 to 1.014)	<0.001	1.001	(0.992 to 1.011)	0.747	1.014	(1.010 to 1.017)	<0.001
Density of minor roads	0.994	(0.991 to 0.997)	<0.001	0.989	(0.983 to 0.996)	0.001	0.994	(0.992 to 0.997)	<0.001
Junction density	1.157	(1.013 to 1.321)	0.031	1.226	(0.972 to 1.546)	0.085	1.143	(1.016 to 1.287)	0.026
Traffic flow (1000 vehicles)	0.976	(0.959 to 0.992)	0.004	0.961	(0.933 to 0.989)	0.007	0.980	(0.960 to 1.000)	0.051
Speed (kph)	1.023	(1.006 to 1.041)	0.007	1.050	(1.019 to 1.081)	0.001	0.966	(0.948 to 0.984)	<0.001
Proportion of business postcodes	1.038	(1.025 to 1.051)	<0.001	1.050	(1.033 to 1.068)	<0.001	1.030	(1.018 to 1.041)	<0.001
Area (square meters)	1.000	(0.999 to 1.000)	0.406	0.993	(0.987 to 0.998)	0.011	0.999	(0.997 to 1.001)	0.457

LSOA, lower super output area.