Definitions of route types and bicycling infrastructure, and selected characteristics as observed at the randomly selected study control sites
| Route types | |
| Major streets | Paved city streets with more than two demarcated moving lanes of motor vehicle traffic, mainly arterials; median* motor vehicle speed 40 km/h; median motor vehicle traffic 966/h, median cyclist traffic 36/h |
| Minor streets | Paved city streets with two demarcated moving lanes of motor vehicle traffic, mainly connectors; median motor vehicle speed 37 km/h; median motor vehicle traffic 576/h, median cyclist traffic 24/h |
| Local streets | Paved city streets with no demarcated lanes for motor vehicle traffic; most were in residential areas; median motor vehicle speed 30 km/h; median motor vehicle traffic 48/h, median cyclist traffic 0/h |
| Separated | Routes that were physically separated from traffic, at least on segments between intersections; no motor vehicle traffic, median cyclist traffic 24/h, median pedestrian traffic 12/h |
| Bicycling infrastructure | |
| Cycle track | Paved path meant for cyclist use alongside major or minor streets, separated by a physical barrier, for example, a curb or bollards |
| Bike lane | Bicycle-only lane on a major or minor street, marked with solid or dotted lines on the street surface |
| Bike path | Bicycle-only paved path meant for cyclist use away from streets, for example, in parks |
| Multi-use path | Paved or unpaved path meant for non-motorised use by pedestrians, cyclists, skaters and others, either alongside city streets or away from streets, for example, in parks |
| Sharrows or shared lane | Section of a major or minor street with markings on the street surface indicating shared bike–high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane, shared bike–bus lane, or sharrows indicating bikes and motor vehicles share space |
| Traffic diverter on local streets | Median, diverter and any other treatment (at the nearest intersection) designed to prevent some or all motor vehicle traffic from entering the street |
| Traffic slowing device on local streets | Traffic circles or curb extensions (at the nearest intersection) and speed humps or bumps (within 100 m of the site); designed to reduce motor vehicle speeds and, in the case of curb extensions, also facilitate pedestrian crossing |
| Traffic circle | A small version (usually 6–8 m in diameter) of a roundabout implemented at intersections of two local streets (see also figure 4); all traffic is required to travel around the central circular island to the right |
*Median vehicle speeds and traffic counts as measured at the randomly selected control sites.