Unadjusted and adjusted odds of ATV fatalities comparing on versus off the road; CPSC, 1985–2009, (n=9615 fatalities)
| Roadway versus off-road* | ||
|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI)* | |
| Rider characteristics | ||
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1.07 (0.93 to 1.23) | 0.95 (0.81 to 1.12) |
| Female | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Age | ||
| <16 | 0.74 (0.67 to 0.81) | 0.74 (0.65 to 0.85) |
| ≥16 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Seating position | ||
| Operator alone | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Operator w/passenger | 1.38 (1.21 to 1.58) | 1.19 (1.02 to 1.38) |
| Passenger | 1.35 (1.18 to 1.56) | 1.48 (1.23 to 1.77) |
| Helmet | ||
| Yes | 0.68 (0.62 to 0.75) | 0.56 (0.49 to 0.65) |
| No | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Alcohol | ||
| Yes | 1.96 (1.74 to 2.21) | 1.77 (1.53 to 2.05) |
| No | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Drugs | ||
| Yes-medication | 0.70 (0.46 to 1.06) | 0.78 (0.49 to 1.22) |
| Yes-illicit | 1.73 (1.33 to 2.25) | 1.17 (0.87 to 1.57) |
| No | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Mechanism of crash | ||
| ATV-vehicle collision | 10.4 (8.9 to 12.2) | 11.1 (9.24 to 13.32) |
| ATV-other collision | 3.5 (3.19 to 3.90) | 3.74 (3.31 to 4.22) |
| Non-collision | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
ATV, All-terrain vehicle.
*Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were controlled for all other covariables in the table.