Variable | Cases (n=335) n (%) | Controls (n=352) n (%) | Model 1: single risk factor model Adjusted OR (95% CI)* | Model 2: multivariable model OR (95% CI)† |
Number of current medications prescribed | ||||
≥2‡ | 64 (9.3) | 19 (5.4) | 2.57 (1.38 to 4.79) | 2.46 (1.26 to 4.82) |
Medications prescribed§ ¶ ** | ||||
Antihypertensive drugs | 54 (16.1) | 17 (4.8) | 3.91 (2.11 to 7.24) | 3.07 (1.57 to 6.03) |
Lipid lowering drugs | 28 (8.4) | 11 (3.1) | 2.59 (1.23 to 5.48) | 2.52 (1.16 to 5.48) |
Psychotropic drugs | 30 (9.0) | 28 (8.0) | 1.01 (0.56 to 1.81) | 0.90 (0.47 to 1.74) |
Corticosteroids | 18 (5.4) | 12 (3.4) | 1.59 (0.72 to 3.53) | 1.43 (0.60 to 3.38) |
Anti-inflammatory drugs | 9 (2.7) | 13 (3.7) | 0.47 (0.19 to 1.21) | 0.56 (0.21 to 1.52) |
Bronchodilators | 11 (3.3) | 13 (3.7) | 0.98 (0.40 to 2.35) | 0.87 (0.32 to 2.38) |
↵* Adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, paid employment and NZiDep.
↵† Models adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, paid employment, NZiDep, smoking, acute marijuana use, alcohol use in previous 6 h, sleep in previous 24 h and physical activity.
↵‡ Reference category=0 to 1 drugs.
↵§ Prescribed medications with more than 5 per cell.
↵¶ Reference category=not prescribed these medications.
↵** Participants may have been on more than one of these medications.
NZiDep, New Zealand index of socioeconomic deprivation for individuals.