Author(s) | Study type (quality) | Time of follow-up | Injuries | Equipment use | Behaviour | Attitudes | Knowledge |
Oral presentation | |||||||
Frederick and Barlow17 | BA (−) | 2 months | 2↑ | ||||
Frederick et al18 | CBA (+) | 5 months | 3↑↑ | 1↓ | |||
Tenn & Dewis19 | CBA (−) | 4 months | 1↑ | 1↓ | |||
Heck et al20 | BA (−) | 1 week | 1↑* | ||||
Morrongiello and Mark21 | cRCT (+) | 1 month | 3↑↑ | ||||
Azeredo and Stephens-Stidham22 | CBA (−) | 2 weeks | 3↑↑ | 1↑↑ | 4↑↑ | ||
Greene et al23 | CBA (−) | 1 week | 7↑ | ||||
Asher et al24 | RCT (+) | Immediate | |||||
Moran and Stanley25 | BA (−) | Immediate | 1↑↑ | ||||
Oral presentation+promotional materials | |||||||
Terzidis et al26 | CBA (+) | 1 month | 3↑ | ||||
Oral presentation+activities | |||||||
Richards et al27 | CBA (−) | 1 week | 4↑ | ||||
Kendrick et al28 | cRCT (++) | 4 months | 1↓ | ||||
McCallum et al29 | BA (−) | 3 months | 2↑↑ | 1↑↑ | |||
Oral presentation+safety village | |||||||
Gielen et al30 | BA (+) | Immediate |
| ||||
| |||||||
Oral presentation+video | |||||||
Wehner and Sutton31 | BA (−) | 6 weeks | 1↑ | 3↑ | |||
Wesner32 | CBA (+) | 2 weeks | 2↑ | 1↑↑ | |||
Video | |||||||
Mayer et al33 | RCT (++) | 1 months | 1↑ | ||||
Morrongiello and Matheis34 | cRCT (+) | 2 months | 4↑↑ | ||||
Health fair+mass media | |||||||
Forjuoh et al35 | BA (−) | At the end of 2-year intervention | |||||
Health fair | |||||||
Solis36 | BA (−) | Immediate | 3↑↑ | ||||
Mass media | |||||||
Bennett et al37 | BA (+) | At the end of 3-year intervention | 1↑↑ | 1↑↑ | |||
Treser et al38 | BA (−) | At the end of 3-year intervention | 1↑* | ||||
D'Argenio et al39 | BA (−) | Immediate | 1↑ |
The number of outcomes reported by a study (or the summary effect size where this was possible to calculate) is specified before the strength and direction of effect; for example 2↑ indicates that two statistically non-significant effects in the desired direction were reported. Statistical significance is defined as a (Pooled) OR where the 95% CI does not include 1, or p<0.05. All outcomes were self-reported unless otherwise indicated.
↵* Observed outcomes.
↵↑↑ Statistically significant effect in the desired direction.
↵↑ Statistically non-significant effect, but in the desired direction.
↵↓ Statistically non-significant effect, but in the opposite direction to that desired.
BA, before and after study (with no control group); CBA, controlled before and after study; cRCT, cluster RCT; RCT, randomised controlled trial.