Author interpretation of trends and recommendations
| Author (Year of publication) | Explanation of trends provided by author* | Policy and practice recommendations by author |
| Birken (2006) | Healthcare | A national injury prevention strategy is needed with policies focusing on (i) injuries with the greatest morbidity and mortality (ii) reducing child injury in low SES areas to at least that in high SES areas (iii) targeting injuries with the largest SES rate differences (fires, drowning and falls) |
| Chien (2010) |
| None stated |
| Danilla (2004) |
| Improve preventive campaigns |
| Edwards (2006) |
| None stated |
| Flanagan (2005) |
| None stated |
| Guyer (2000) | Other | None stated |
| Jansson (2006) |
| Four recommendations: (i) Implementation of an architectural style including transport/road user separation and safer cars (ii) Expansion of preschool services and leisure services (iii) National mandatory free swim training for school children (iv) Local safe community programmes to reduce risk exposure |
| Johansson (2005) | Social | (i) Legislation to ban night time driving for teenagers (ii) use of alcolocks on cars (iii) restricting access to means of self harm for example, drugs, firearms, railways, bridges etc |
| Kivisto (2009) |
| (i) Promotion of family well being (ii) prevention of teenage suicides and substance abuse (iii) Pharmaceutical industry to take more responsibility for drug safety (iv) safer resistant closures (v) more effective parental education |
| Lanatto (2008) |
| None stated |
| Li (2001) |
| More effective interventions aimed at high risk groups are required |
| Lie (1990) |
| None stated |
| Lu (1998) |
| Priorities areas include reducing adolescent RTIs (especially motorcycle RTIs) and drowning prevention |
| Lunetta (1998) | Social | None stated |
| Lunetta (2004) |
| (i) Development of an enhanced surveillance system for drowning (ii) Increased policy on alcohol use in natural water settings |
| Mattila (2005) |
| (i) Prevention of adolescent violence and suicide requires attention (ii) Family support programs are needed during periods of economic depressions |
| Mujkic (2008) |
| (i) Firearm injury prevention should be focus for injury prevention in war and post-war periods (ii) focus on suicide prevention |
| Nakahara (2002) |
| Use a systematic environmental approach to reduction of child pedestrian injuries; (i) complete separation of pedestrians and cyclists from traffic (ii) traffic calming in residential areas (iii) safe outdoor areas (iv) encourage children to be independent and mobile (v) avoid restrictions on children's activities |
| Olson (1990) |
| Need for new intervention strategies to decrease injury deaths among children in New Mexico |
| Pan (2006) (2007) |
| Interventions need to target territories with higher mortality rates |
| Pakkari (2000) |
| Public campaigns and trauma care should continue |
| Pearson (2009) |
| Policy makers should resist pressures to target preventive measures exclusively or predominantly at boys |
| Peck (2007) |
| (i) A continuous standardised injury surveillance system is needed between countries to allow analysis with specific economic and health indicators (ii) Adopt a public health approach to injury prevention, with better policy advocacy, implementation and enforcement. (iii) Monitor trends in injury mortality in countries experiencing social and political upheavals |
| Pressley (2007) |
| (i) Targeted promotion of use of child booster seats (ii) Adult smoking cessation programs may protect young children from residential fires (iii) Continue injury surveillance, particularly in areas with socioeconomic disparities or persistent or worsening injury rates (iv) Expand prevention for high risk populations, targeted those most at risk (v) develop new strategies where rates or disparities remain persistent |
| Schlueter (2004) |
| None stated |
| Singh (1996) |
| None stated |
| Singh (2007) |
| Strategies aimed at narrowing gap may need to aim not only at child health services but also at reducing inequalities in material and social living conditions |
| Strukcinstiene (2008a, 2008b) |
| Focus needed to prevent road traffic injuries in adolescents and young adults |
↵* Explanations of trends were categorised by the reviewers as either political, economic, social, technological, legislative, healthcare, or other.
RTI, Road Traffic Injury; SES, Socioeconomic Status.