Multivariate logistic regression models for the risk of any facial injury (AIS1+), adjusted ORs, Rhône road trauma registry, 1998–2008, 1926 cases and 5153 controls
| M1=‘Cochrane-like’ | M2=‘with more adjustment’ | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Helmet | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.74 (0.64 to 0.85) | 0.72 (0.62 to 0.83) |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 0.92 (0.81 to 1.04) | 0.95 (0.83 to 1.08) |
| Age, y | ||
| 0–14 | 1.71 (1.41 to 2.07) | 1.65 (1.35 to 2.01) |
| 15–24 | 1.01 (0.82 to 1.25) | 0.93 (0.75 to 1.15) |
| 25–34 | 0.94 (0.75 to 1.18) | 0.86 (0.68 to 1.09) |
| 35–44 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 45–54 | 1.23 (0.96 to 1.58) | 1.34 (1.03 to 1.74) |
| 55–64 | 1.02 (0.75 to 1.38) | 1.15 (0.84 to 1.58) |
| 65+ | 1.43 (1.03 to 1.97) | 1.50 (1.06 to 2.12) |
| Crash opponent | ||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Human, animal | 1.15 (0.89 to 1.48) | 1.01 (0.77 to 1.31) |
| Stationary obstacle | 1.55 (1.28 to 1.86) | 1.46 (1.20 to 1.78) |
| Motor vehicle | 1.18 (1.02 to 1.35) | 1.04 (0.90 to 1.21) |
| ISS without head, face, or neck | ||
| 0–3 | 1.00 | |
| 4–8 | 0.15 (0.12 to 0.18) | |
| 9–15 | 0.27 (0.20 to 0.36) | |
| 16–75 | 0.82 (0.35 to 1.76) | |
| Road type | ||
| Major road | 1.31 (0.99 to 1.73) | |
| Local road | 1.00 | |
| Off road | 0.76 (0.66 to 0.87) | |
| Unknown | 1.32 (1.10 to 1.58) | |
‘Cochrane-like’=adjusted on age, gender, and crash opponent; ‘With more adjustment’=adjusted on age, gender, crash opponent, ISS without head, face or neck, and road type.
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score.