Table 3

Multivariate logistic regression models for the risk of any head injury (AIS1+), adjusted ORs, Rhône road trauma registry, 1998–2008, 1471 cases and 5153 controls

M1=‘Cochrane-like’M2=‘with more adjustment’
OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)
Helmet
 No1.001.00
 Yes0.76 (0.65 to 0.89)0.69 (0.59 to 0.81)
Gender
 Female1.001.00
 Male1.13 (0.98 to 1.30)1.14 (0.99 to 1.33)
Age, y
 0–141.37 (1.12 to 1.70)1.32 (1.07 to 1.63)
 15–240.86 (0.69 to 1.08)0.83 (0.66 to 1.04)
 25–340.82 (0.64 to 1.05)0.78 (0.61 to 1.00)
 35–441.001.00
 45–541.19 (0.91 to 1.55)1.21 (0.92 to 1.60)
 55+1.68 (1.31 to 2.15)1.69 (1.30 to 2.18)
Crash opponent
 None1.001.00
 Human, animal1.33 (1.01 to 1.73)1.16 (0.87 to 1.52)
 Stationary obstacle1.09 (0.86 to 1.37)1.05 (0.82 to 1.34)
 Motor vehicle1.85 (1.60 to 2.12)1.68 (1.44 to 1.95)
ISS without head, face, or neck
 0–31.00
 4–80.29 (0.25 to 0.35)
 9–150.47 (0.36 to 0.62)
 16–751.55 (0.80 to 2.97)
Road type
 Major road1.55 (1.17 to 2.04)
 Local road1.00
 Off road0.90 (0.75 to 1.08)
 Unknown1.28 (1.04 to 1.56)
Crash setting
 Urban1.00
 Rural1.30 (1.11 to 1.53)
 Unknown0.75 (0.60 to 0.93)
  • ‘Cochrane-like’=adjusted on age, gender, and crash opponent; ‘With more adjustment’=adjusted on age, gender, crash opponent, ISS without head, face or neck, road type, and crash setting.

  • Age is in six categories only, otherwise the ‘Cochrane-like’ model is rejected (test of fit).

  • AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score.