Table 2

Rate of submersion death per million person years, with 95% confidence intervals, in three Washington State counties, 1980–95, by category of age and characteristics of the victim or event

Age group (years)
Characteristic0–45–1415–1920–3435–64≥65All ages
*Some data missing for most row categories. Categories with more than 10% missing data were: event witnessed (31%), activity (11%), diabetes (16%), heart disease (15%), psychiatric disorder (24%), bystander resuscitation (11%).
†Cold season is November, December, January, February. Mild season is March, April, September, October. Warm season is May, June, July, August.
All31 (25 to 38)12 (9 to 15)30 (24 to 37)21 (19 to 24)13 (11 to 15)21 (17 to 26)18 (17 to 20)
Sex
    Male42 (32 to 53)19 (14 to 25)49 (38 to 63)37 (32 to 43)20 (16 to 23)28 (21 to 38)29 (27 to 31)
    Female19 (13 to 28) 4 (2 to 7) 9 (5 to 16) 5 (4 to 8) 6 (4 to 8)16 (12 to 22) 8 (7 to 9)
Race
    White30 (23 to 37)10 (7 to 14)33 (25 to 42)19 (16 to 21)13 (11 to 15)19 (15 to 24)17 (16 to 19)
    Black38 (16 to 74)40 (21 to 69)36 (12 to 85)39 (25 to 58)29 (16 to 48)19 (2 to 70)35 (27 to 45)
    Hispanic 0 (0 to 27) 0 (0 to 17)11 (0 to 61)16 (6 to 34) 4 (0 to 20)25 (1 to 138) 8 (4 to 15)
    Asian 5 (0 to 26)11 (3 to 27)41 (18 to 80)10 (4 to 21) 0 (0 to 5)39 (14 to 85)11 (7 to 16)
    Native American22 (1 to 123) 0 (0 to 46) 0 (0 to 97)64 (29 to 122)30 (8 to 76) 0 (0 to 189)31 (17 to 51)
Season†
    Cold 5 (3 to 9) 2 (1 to 3) 5 (3 to 9) 5 (4 to 7) 4 (3 to 5) 6 (4 to 9) 4 (4 to 5)
    Mild 8 (5 to 12) 3 (1 to 4) 5 (3 to 9) 6 (5 to 8) 4 (3 to 5) 6 (4 to 9) 5 (4 to 6)
    Warm17 (13 to 23) 7 (5 to 10)19 (14 to 25)10 (8 to 12) 5 (4 to 7) 9 (7 to 13) 9 (8 to 10)
Event witnessed†
    Yes 3 (2 to 6) 3 (2 to 5)17 (12 to 22)11 (9 to 13) 4 (3 to 5) 2 (1 to 4) 6 (5 to 7)
    No26 (21 to 33) 6 (4 to 8) 5 (3 to 9) 5 (3 to 6) 4 (3 to 5) 5 (3 to 8) 6 (6 to 7)
Body of water
    Pool11 (8 to 15) 3 (2 to 5) 1 (0 to 3) 1 (0 to 2) 1 (1 to 2) 2 (1 to 4) 2 (2 to 3)
    Bathtub 9 (6 to 13) 1 (0 to 2) 1 (0 to 3) 2 (1 to 2) 2 (1 to 3)11 (8 to 15) 3 (3 to 4)
    Outside11 (7 to 15) 8 (6 to 11)28 (22 to 36)19 (17 to 22)10 (8 to 11) 8 (6 to 12)13 (12 to 14)
Location
    Rural10 (7 to 15) 7 (5 to 9)22 (16 to 28)13 (11 to 16) 7 (6 to 9) 7 (5 to 11)10 (9 to 11)
    Urban19 (15 to 25) 4 (2 to 6) 6 (4 to 10) 7 (6 to 9) 5 (4 to 6)13 (10 to 17) 7 (7 to 8)
Activity
    Boating 0 (0 to 1) 1 (1 to 3) 8 (5 to 13) 5 (4 to 7) 3 (2 to 4) 1 (0 to 3) 3 (3 to 4)
    Swimming 0 (0 to 2) 4 (2 to 6) 9 (6 to 14) 5 (3 to 6) 1 (1 to 2) 1 (1 to 3) 3 (2 to 4)
    In car 0 (0 to 1) 0 (0 to 1) 4 (2 to 7) 3 (2 to 4) 1 (1 to 2) 0 (0 to 2) 2 (1 to 2)
    Fell in22 (17 to 28) 4 (2 to 6) 5 (2 to 8) 5 (3 to 6) 3 (2 to 4) 5 (3 to 8) 5 (5 to 6)
    Bathing 8 (4 to 11) 1 (0 to 2) 1 (0 to 3) 2 (1 to 3) 2 (2 to 3)11 (8 to 15) 3 (3 to 4)
Was in a boat 0 (0 to 2) 1 (1 to 3) 8 (5 to 12) 7 (5 to 8) 4 (3 to 5) 3 (2 to 5) 4 (4 to 5)
Seizure history 1 (0 to 4) 1 (1 to 3) 3 (1 to 5) 2 (1 to 3) 2 (1 to 3) 1 (0 to 2) 2 (1 to 2)
Diabetes 0 (0 to 1) 0 (0 to 1) 0 (0 to 2) 0 (0 to 1) 0 (0 to 1) 1 (0 to 3) 0 (0 to 1)
Heart disease 1 (0 to 2) 0 (0 to 1) 0 (0 to 2) 0 (0 to 1) 3 (2 to 4)16 (12 to 20) 3 (2 to 3)
Psychiatric disorder 0 (0 to 1) 0 (0 to 1) 0 (0 to 1) 1 (0 to 2) 1 (0 to 2) 2 (1 to 4) 1 (0 to 1)
Alcohol used 0 (0 to 1) 0 (0 to 1) 6 (3 to 9) 9 (7 to 11) 5 (4 to 7) 3 (2 to 5) 5 (4 to 6)
Bystander resuscitation22 (17 to 28) 5 (3 to 7) 6 (3 to 9) 4 (3 to 5) 3 (2 to 4) 3 (2 to 6) 5 (4 to 6)
Used pre-hospital care26 (21 to 33) 8 (5 to 10) 9 (6 to 13) 7 (6 to 9) 5 (4 to 6) 6 (4 to 9) 8 (7 to 9)
Used emergency department care23 (18 to 30) 6 (4 to 9) 6 (3 to 10) 4 (3 to 6) 2 (1 to 3) 2 (1 to 4) 5 (4 to 6)
Used hospital care12 (8 to 17) 3 (2 to 5) 2 (1 to 5) 2 (1 to 3) 1 (1 to 2) 2 (1 to 4) 3 (2 to 3)