Rate of submersion death per million person years, with 95% confidence intervals, in three Washington State counties, 1980–95, by category of age and characteristics of the victim or event
| Age group (years) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | 0–4 | 5–14 | 15–19 | 20–34 | 35–64 | ≥65 | All ages |
| *Some data missing for most row categories. Categories with more than 10% missing data were: event witnessed (31%), activity (11%), diabetes (16%), heart disease (15%), psychiatric disorder (24%), bystander resuscitation (11%). | |||||||
| †Cold season is November, December, January, February. Mild season is March, April, September, October. Warm season is May, June, July, August. | |||||||
| All | 31 (25 to 38) | 12 (9 to 15) | 30 (24 to 37) | 21 (19 to 24) | 13 (11 to 15) | 21 (17 to 26) | 18 (17 to 20) |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 42 (32 to 53) | 19 (14 to 25) | 49 (38 to 63) | 37 (32 to 43) | 20 (16 to 23) | 28 (21 to 38) | 29 (27 to 31) |
| Female | 19 (13 to 28) | 4 (2 to 7) | 9 (5 to 16) | 5 (4 to 8) | 6 (4 to 8) | 16 (12 to 22) | 8 (7 to 9) |
| Race | |||||||
| White | 30 (23 to 37) | 10 (7 to 14) | 33 (25 to 42) | 19 (16 to 21) | 13 (11 to 15) | 19 (15 to 24) | 17 (16 to 19) |
| Black | 38 (16 to 74) | 40 (21 to 69) | 36 (12 to 85) | 39 (25 to 58) | 29 (16 to 48) | 19 (2 to 70) | 35 (27 to 45) |
| Hispanic | 0 (0 to 27) | 0 (0 to 17) | 11 (0 to 61) | 16 (6 to 34) | 4 (0 to 20) | 25 (1 to 138) | 8 (4 to 15) |
| Asian | 5 (0 to 26) | 11 (3 to 27) | 41 (18 to 80) | 10 (4 to 21) | 0 (0 to 5) | 39 (14 to 85) | 11 (7 to 16) |
| Native American | 22 (1 to 123) | 0 (0 to 46) | 0 (0 to 97) | 64 (29 to 122) | 30 (8 to 76) | 0 (0 to 189) | 31 (17 to 51) |
| Season† | |||||||
| Cold | 5 (3 to 9) | 2 (1 to 3) | 5 (3 to 9) | 5 (4 to 7) | 4 (3 to 5) | 6 (4 to 9) | 4 (4 to 5) |
| Mild | 8 (5 to 12) | 3 (1 to 4) | 5 (3 to 9) | 6 (5 to 8) | 4 (3 to 5) | 6 (4 to 9) | 5 (4 to 6) |
| Warm | 17 (13 to 23) | 7 (5 to 10) | 19 (14 to 25) | 10 (8 to 12) | 5 (4 to 7) | 9 (7 to 13) | 9 (8 to 10) |
| Event witnessed† | |||||||
| Yes | 3 (2 to 6) | 3 (2 to 5) | 17 (12 to 22) | 11 (9 to 13) | 4 (3 to 5) | 2 (1 to 4) | 6 (5 to 7) |
| No | 26 (21 to 33) | 6 (4 to 8) | 5 (3 to 9) | 5 (3 to 6) | 4 (3 to 5) | 5 (3 to 8) | 6 (6 to 7) |
| Body of water | |||||||
| Pool | 11 (8 to 15) | 3 (2 to 5) | 1 (0 to 3) | 1 (0 to 2) | 1 (1 to 2) | 2 (1 to 4) | 2 (2 to 3) |
| Bathtub | 9 (6 to 13) | 1 (0 to 2) | 1 (0 to 3) | 2 (1 to 2) | 2 (1 to 3) | 11 (8 to 15) | 3 (3 to 4) |
| Outside | 11 (7 to 15) | 8 (6 to 11) | 28 (22 to 36) | 19 (17 to 22) | 10 (8 to 11) | 8 (6 to 12) | 13 (12 to 14) |
| Location | |||||||
| Rural | 10 (7 to 15) | 7 (5 to 9) | 22 (16 to 28) | 13 (11 to 16) | 7 (6 to 9) | 7 (5 to 11) | 10 (9 to 11) |
| Urban | 19 (15 to 25) | 4 (2 to 6) | 6 (4 to 10) | 7 (6 to 9) | 5 (4 to 6) | 13 (10 to 17) | 7 (7 to 8) |
| Activity | |||||||
| Boating | 0 (0 to 1) | 1 (1 to 3) | 8 (5 to 13) | 5 (4 to 7) | 3 (2 to 4) | 1 (0 to 3) | 3 (3 to 4) |
| Swimming | 0 (0 to 2) | 4 (2 to 6) | 9 (6 to 14) | 5 (3 to 6) | 1 (1 to 2) | 1 (1 to 3) | 3 (2 to 4) |
| In car | 0 (0 to 1) | 0 (0 to 1) | 4 (2 to 7) | 3 (2 to 4) | 1 (1 to 2) | 0 (0 to 2) | 2 (1 to 2) |
| Fell in | 22 (17 to 28) | 4 (2 to 6) | 5 (2 to 8) | 5 (3 to 6) | 3 (2 to 4) | 5 (3 to 8) | 5 (5 to 6) |
| Bathing | 8 (4 to 11) | 1 (0 to 2) | 1 (0 to 3) | 2 (1 to 3) | 2 (2 to 3) | 11 (8 to 15) | 3 (3 to 4) |
| Was in a boat | 0 (0 to 2) | 1 (1 to 3) | 8 (5 to 12) | 7 (5 to 8) | 4 (3 to 5) | 3 (2 to 5) | 4 (4 to 5) |
| Seizure history | 1 (0 to 4) | 1 (1 to 3) | 3 (1 to 5) | 2 (1 to 3) | 2 (1 to 3) | 1 (0 to 2) | 2 (1 to 2) |
| Diabetes | 0 (0 to 1) | 0 (0 to 1) | 0 (0 to 2) | 0 (0 to 1) | 0 (0 to 1) | 1 (0 to 3) | 0 (0 to 1) |
| Heart disease | 1 (0 to 2) | 0 (0 to 1) | 0 (0 to 2) | 0 (0 to 1) | 3 (2 to 4) | 16 (12 to 20) | 3 (2 to 3) |
| Psychiatric disorder | 0 (0 to 1) | 0 (0 to 1) | 0 (0 to 1) | 1 (0 to 2) | 1 (0 to 2) | 2 (1 to 4) | 1 (0 to 1) |
| Alcohol used | 0 (0 to 1) | 0 (0 to 1) | 6 (3 to 9) | 9 (7 to 11) | 5 (4 to 7) | 3 (2 to 5) | 5 (4 to 6) |
| Bystander resuscitation | 22 (17 to 28) | 5 (3 to 7) | 6 (3 to 9) | 4 (3 to 5) | 3 (2 to 4) | 3 (2 to 6) | 5 (4 to 6) |
| Used pre-hospital care | 26 (21 to 33) | 8 (5 to 10) | 9 (6 to 13) | 7 (6 to 9) | 5 (4 to 6) | 6 (4 to 9) | 8 (7 to 9) |
| Used emergency department care | 23 (18 to 30) | 6 (4 to 9) | 6 (3 to 10) | 4 (3 to 6) | 2 (1 to 3) | 2 (1 to 4) | 5 (4 to 6) |
| Used hospital care | 12 (8 to 17) | 3 (2 to 5) | 2 (1 to 5) | 2 (1 to 3) | 1 (1 to 2) | 2 (1 to 4) | 3 (2 to 3) |