Table 2

Number (%) of cases (n=98) and of controls (n=144), crude odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p values parent and child variables

Variable	Range	Cases No (%)	Controls No (%)	OR	95% CI	p Value
*Excludes one control child, age 8 months, who did not talk.
†Excludes one case and one control not living with mother, stepmother, or female guardian.
‡Excludes 24 cases and 23 controls not living with father, stepfather, or male guardian.
Birth order of child	First	29 (30)	54 (38)	1	Reference	0.67
	Second	30 (31)	38 (26)	1.3	0.7–2.6
	Third or later	39 (40)	52 (36)	1.2	0.7–2.2
Child not speak English*		62 (63)	73 (51)	2.1	1.1–3.7	0.02
Mother not speak English†		62 (64)	95 (66)	1.0	0.6–1.7	0.96
Father not speak English‡		47 (64)	57 (47)	2.2	1.0–4.6	0.03
Mother's education†	0–5 years	29 (30)	31 (22)	1.0		0.31
	6–9 years	37 (38)	62 (43)	0.6	0.3–1.2
	10 or more years	31 (32)	50 (35)	0.6	0.3–1.2
Father's education‡	0–5 years	26 (35)	29 (24)	1.0	Reference	0.54
	6–9 years	32 (43)	57 (47)	0.7	0.3–1.5
	10 or more	16 (22)	35 (29)	0.6	0.3–1.5
Mother not read well†		15 (15)	11 (8)	3.6	1.3–10	0.01
Father not read well‡		16 (22)	6 (5)	5.6	1.5–20	0.003
Years since mother came	US born	15 (15)	23 (16)	1.0	Reference	0.76
to US†	≥10	37 (38)	60 (42)	1.0	0.5–2.2
	0–9 years	45 (46))	60 (42))	1.2	0.6–2.6
Mother does not drive†		58 (60)	69 (48)	1.6	0.9–2.6	0.09
Father does not drive‡		8 (11)	8 (7)	0.6	0.2–2.0	0.43
Mother of rural origin†		35 (36)	51 (36)	1.0	0.5–1.7	0.88
Father of rural origin‡		27 (36)	49 (40)	0.7	0.4–1.3	0.29
Mother's age†	18–24 years	26 (27))	31 (22)	1.0	Reference	0.34
	≥25 years	71 (73))	112 (78)	0.7	0.4–1.4