| Actualsample (n) | Nationalestimate(weighted %)* | Outcome of submersion injury weighted percentage (95% CI) | OR of nopermanentmorbidity(95% CI) | |||
| No permanentmorbidity | Permanentmorbidity | In-hospital death | ||||
| Total | 1475 | 2488 (100.0) | 82.5 (80.2 to 84.6) | 5.8 (4.7 to 7.2) | 11.6 (9.9 to 13.7) | |
| Patient demographics† | ||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| <1 | 127 | 214 (8.8) | 86.4 (79.1 to 91.4) | 3.0 (1.1 to 7.6) | 10.7 (6.4 to 17.2) | 1.51 (0.78 to 2.91) |
| 1–4 | 765 | 1296 (53.1) | 80.0 (76.8 to 82.9) | 6.6 (5.1 to 8.6) | 13.4 (10.9 to 16.3) | 0.95 (0.62 to 1.47) |
| 5–9 | 238 | 402 (16.5) | 91.0 (86.5 to 94.1) | 2.3 (0.9 to 5.6) | 6.7 (4.1 to 10.8) | 2.42 (1.32 to 4.41) |
| 10–14 | 140 | 241 (9.9) | 78.7 (71.2 to 84.7) | 6.6 (3.2 to 13.1) | 14.7 (9.8 to 21.5) | 0.88 (0.49 to 1.58) |
| 15–20 | 174 | 288 (11.8) | 80.8 (73.9 to 86.2) | 8.9 (5.6 to 14.0) | 10.4 (6.7 to 15.7) | Referent |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 912 | 1552 (62.4) | 80.5 (77.6 to 83.1) | 6.3 (4.8 to 8.3) | 13.2 (11.1 to 15.8) | 0.77 (0.57 to 1.03) |
| Female | 487 | 823 (33.1) | 84.4 (80.6 to 87.5) | 5.8 (4.0 to 8.3) | 9.8 (7.3 to 13.1) | Referent |
| Expected primary payer | ||||||
| Private insurance | 718 | 1198 (48.4) | 85.0 (82.0 to 87.5) | 4.9 (3.4 to 7.0) | 10.2 (7.9 to 13.0) | 1.27 (0.93 to 1.74) |
| Medicaid | 566 | 974 (39.4) | 81.6 (77.6 to 85.0) | 7.0 (5.0 to 9.6) | 11.5 (8.8 to 14.7) | Referent |
| Self-pay | 119 | 198 (8.0) | 77.0 (68.1 to 84.0) | 4.4 (1.9 to 9.8) | 18.6 (12.6 to 26.4) | 0.76 (0.45 to 1.28) |
| Other‡ | 64 | 105 (4.3) | 75.3 (62.3 to 84.9) | 10.0 (4.6 to 20.4) | 14.7 (8.0 to 25.7) | 0.69 (0.35 to 1.33) |
| Income quartile by residential zip code | ||||||
| ⩽US$35 999 | 357 | 610 (24.5) | 78.6 (73.8 to 82.7) | 8.5 (5.8 to 12.4) | 12.9 (9.8 to 16.8) | 0.65 (0.44 to 0.95) |
| US$36 000–US$44 999 | 359 | 606 (24.4) | 80.9 (76.4 to 84.8) | 6.1 (4.1 to 9.1) | 13.0 (9.8 to 16.9) | 0.75 (0.50 to 1.13) |
| US$45 000–US$59 999 | 350 | 594 (23.9) | 87.1 (82.4 to 90.7) | 4.3 (2.4 to 7.5) | 8.6 (5.6 to 13.0) | 1.19 (0.75 to 1.89) |
| ⩾US$60 000 | 329 | 544 (21.9) | 85.0 (80.8 to 88.4) | 4.5 (2.7 to 7.2) | 10.6 (7.5 to 14.6) | Referent |
| Activity related to submersion event¶ | ||||||
| Playing in water§ | 178 | 308 (12.4) | 84.1 (77.3 to 89.2) | 5.7 (2.8 to 11.3) | 10.2 (6.1 to 16.6) | 1.04 (0.57 to 1.91) |
| Bathtub** | 180 | 304 (12.2) | 83.5 (77.3 to 88.3) | 3.3 (1.4 to 7.7) | 13.2 (9.0 to 18.9) | Referent |
| Swimming pool and other unintentional submersion†† | 850 | 1431 (57.5) | 83.6 (80.6 to 86.2) | 4.8 (3.5 to 6.6) | 11.6 (9.4 to 14.2) | 1.00 (0.66 to 1.52) |
| Other‡‡ | 90 | 151 (6.1) | 82.7 (72.5 to 89.6) | 9.3 (4.7 to 17.5) | 8.1 (4.0 to 15.7) | 0.94 (0.46 to 1.93) |
Source: Kids’ Inpatient Database, 2003.
*Weighted percentages do not equal 100% because of cases with invalid or missing information.
†Number of cases in each category not reported because of invalid or missing demographic information: age (n = 31), gender (n = 76), primary payer (n = 8), income (n = 80).
‡“Other” includes Medicare and others.
¶Cases that did not include external cause of injury code E910 (n = 177) are not reported.
§External cause of injury code E910.2 includes swimming, wading, surfboarding, snorkeling, ice skating, fishing (not in boat), and playing in water.
**External cause of injury code E910.4 includes non-intentional submersion injury occurring in a bathtub.
††External cause of injury code E910.8 includes jumping into water, submersion in swimming pool while not engaged in recreational activity, and other specified submersions not elsewhere classified.
‡‡“Other” includes E910.0 (waterskiing), E910.1 (sport/recreation with diving equipment), E910.3 (swimming/diving for purposes other than sport or recreation), and E910.9 (unintentional drowning or submersion not otherwise specified).