Study demographics
| Author (year), country | Study population | Interventions | Outcome measures |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chang (1995), US19 | Preschool age 14 schools Intervention (402) Control (427) | Car restraint 2 week intensive classroom activities Children—film, flannel board, singing Parents—workshop, home activities, written information | Pre and post % car restraint behavior Random knowledge interview (25% experimental group) 2–3 weeks post intervention |
| Renaud (1989), Canada18 | 5 year olds 4 schools Intervention (102) Control (34) | Pedestrian skills 3 hour sessions 1. Attitude simulation-role play 2. Behavior simulation—model training 3. Attitude-behavior simulation—role play, modeling, training | 1. Attitude—perception of risk 2. Behavior—pictures and questions 3. Behavior observations 10 days post intervention |
| Bowman (1987), Australia12 | Preschool age 30 schools Intervention (231) Control (221) | Car restraint 2 week intervention Education—cartoons, songs, seat belt practice | Restraint observation 1 week post intervention |
| Rothengatter (1984), Netherlands20 | Preschool age All schools in community Intervention (parent trainers) (21) (Assistant trainers) (28) Control (73) | Street crossing skills 3 week intervention 4×15 minute session Model, practice, reinforcement | Traffic knowledge Street crossing behavior 1 week post intervention |
| Luria (2000), US17 | 5 year olds 10 schools Intervention (90) Control (91) | Stranger danger, calling 911 (North American emergency number), street crossing One hour session Lecture, practice, games, songs, coloring | Knowledge test 6 month post intervention |
| Richards (1991), US13 | Preschool age 3 schools Intervention (72) Control (36) | Spinal cord injuries Several sessions over 3 months Rehearsal, practice, interaction, reinforcement | Knowledge test Self reported seat belt use 1 week post intervention |
| Thomson (1992), UK15 | 5 year olds Random selection Intervention (20) Control (10) | Street crossing 6×30 minutes over 3 weeks Model practice Road side training | Behavior observation 1 week post intervention 2 months post intervention |
| Liller (1998), US14 | 5–6 year olds 6 schools Intervention (84) Control (71) | Poison safety 40 minute session Interactive—songs, puppets, stories Parents—home activities, written information | Knowledge interview 1–2 weeks post intervention |
| Thomson (1998), UK16 | 5 year olds 3 schools Intervention (30) Controls (30) | Street crossing 6×30 minute sessions 3 weeks Road side training Model practice | Behavior observation 1 week post intervention 40 days post intervention |