Results of intervention studies to prevent softball injuries
| First authors, year of publication (reference) | Study design | Population | Prevention strategy or intervention | Study or prevention groups (subjects) | Outcome risk | Injury rate ratio | Quality score (100 points maximum) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Janda et al, 198826 | Intervention Softball players on various teams by skill level Two seasons | Men and women, ages 18–55 years Recreational players Teams divided according to skill level | Rogers Breakaway bases installed on playing fields; other fields kept standard stationary bases Teams assigned to playing fields on a random and rotating basis | Games played with breakaway bases (n = 633) Games played with stationary bases (n = 627) | Base sliding related injuries that required first aid treatment or higher Breakaway: 2/633 = 0.0031 = 1 injury every 316 games Stationary: 45/627 = 0.0718 = 1 injury every 14 games | RR (stationary base: breakaway base) = 23.2 (p<0.001) | Median = 38 Range 33–44 |
| Janda et al, 199027 | Intervention Softball players on various teams by skill level Long term follow up of Janda 1988 | Men and women, ages 18–55 years Recreational players Teams divided according to skill level | Rogers Breakaway bases installed on playing fields; other fields kept standard stationary bases Teams assigned to playing fields on a random and rotating basis | Games all played with breakaway bases (n = 1035) | Base sliding related injuries that required first aid treatment or higher Post intervention: 2/1035 = 0.0019 = 1 injury every 517 games | Compared with rates reported in Janda 1988 (p<0.001 | Median = 14 Range 13–16 |
| Sendre et al, 199428 | Intervention Two year period: 1990 and 1991 | Men and women, age 15–48 years Recreational softball leagues, intramural softball leagues, American legion and Colt leagues, women’s softball team | Hollywood Impact Base (HIB) compared with a stationary base | 627 total games 472 games played with HIBs (33 153 total athlete exposures) and 155 games played with standard stationary bases (3999 total athlete exposures) | Base sliding related injuries HIB = 0.00003 injuries/athlete exposure Stationary = 0.001 injuries/athlete exposure | RR (stationary base: HIB) = 33.3 (p<0.05) | Median = 21 Range 18–25 |