Table 3

Truck crashes: preventing death and injury

Phase	Drivers	Vehicle	Environment
*The recommendations above are those stated in the standards and recommendations issued by the International Labor Organization (ILO) and Transport & General Workers Union.²⁶
Pre	80 kph limit (motorway)	Tachygraphs—routine monitoring	Side ports on steep planes
	30 kph (urban residential)	Governors	Electronic speed roadside cameras
	Three second headway rule	Light reflective markings	– on line
	Frequent rest breaks (every 4 hours)	Prevent overloading	– off line
	Buddy system—irregular hours		Rest stops for drivers and publicly promote their locations
	Selection—older drivers		Modal shifts: rail, roll-on, roll-off containerization
	Young truck drivers at greater risk
	Sleep >7 hours
	Enforce daily permissible work limit (12 hours/day)*
	Evaluate implementation of ILO recommended daily work limit (9 hours/day)
	Hydration: thermos for drinking (see my notes in rebuttal and condense into note Unpublished investigation, 1985, for Israel Defense Forces)
	Screening and treatment for sleep disorders
	Selective licensing—hazardous chemicals
During		Maintenance checks
		Tire shock absorbers—front and rear—retrofit
		Tire standards
Post		First aid kits
		Two way radio
		Protective clothing—hazardous material