Table 3

Rates (per 100 000 person-years) and change in rates, for all deaths, deaths attributed to each risk factor, and other deaths not attributed to each risk factor.*

Risk factor	Rates
Risk factor	1982†	2001†	Difference‡	Change (%)§	95% CI
*Not all people were considered exposed to all risk factors. For example, only vehicle occupants (not motorcyclists) were considered to be at risk for not wearing a seat belt and only motorcycle riders were considered to be potential wearers of motorcycle helmets. Death rates attributed to each risk factor alone sum to more than rates attributed to all five risk factors, as some deaths can be attributed to more than one factor.
†Rates for 1982 and 2001 are from the fitted models.
‡Rate difference = 2001 rate minus 1982 rate.
§Rate change = (2001 rate minus 1982 rate)/(1982 rate).
Alcohol
All deaths	19.57	14.39	−5.18	−26	−30 to −23
Attributed deaths	10.27	4.88	−5.39	−53	−56 to −49
Other deaths	9.52	9.67	+0.16	+2	−6 to +9
Not wearing a seat belt
All deaths	13.62	11.53	−2.10	−15	−20 to −11
Attributed deaths	7.05	3.57	−3.48	−49	−52 to −47
Other deaths	6.77	8.11	+1.34	+20	+9 to +32
No air bag
All deaths	12.11	10.04	−2.07	−17	−22 to −12
Attributed deaths	0.67	0.56	−0.11	−17	−38 to +12
Other deaths	11.44	9.48	−1.95	−17	−21 to −13
No motorcycle helmet
All deaths	1.99	0.74	−1.24	−63	−72 to −51
Attributed deaths	0.43	0.11	−0.32	−74	−81 to −63
Other deaths	1.55	0.63	−0.93	−60	−69 to −47
No bicycle helmet
All deaths	0.40	0.26	−0.14	−35	−40 to −30
Attributed deaths	0.26	0.16	−0.10	−39	−45 to −33
Other deaths	0.14	0.10	−0.04	−28	−32 to −23
All five risk factors
All deaths	19.57	14.39	−5.18	−26	−30 to −23
Attributed deaths	14.22	7.36	−6.85	−48	−51 to −45
Other deaths	5.64	7.26	+1.62	+29	+18 to +41