Gender |
Male | 7*** | 4.2 (2.5 to 7.1)*** |
Female | 2 | Reference |
Age (years) |
16–17 | 7*** | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.4) |
14–15 | 5*** | 1.6 (0.8 to 3.2) |
12–13 | 2 | Reference |
Race/ethnicity |
Non-Hispanic Asian | 2* | 0.8 (0.4 to 2.0) |
Non-Hispanic Black | 7 | 2.5 (1.0 to 6.2)* |
Non-Hispanic other | 6 | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.5) |
Hispanic | 4 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.9) |
Non-Hispanic White | 5 | Reference |
Area |
Rural | 8*** | 2.1 (1.4 to 3.2)*** |
Urban | 4 | Reference |
Poverty level |
<3× | 5 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.5) |
>3× | 4 | Reference |
Citizenship |
US citizen | 5 | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.9) |
Not a US citizen | 4 | Reference |
Number of adults in household |
1 | 6* | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.9) |
>1 | 4 | Reference |
Presence of gun in household |
Yes | 8*** | 2.1 (1.5 to 2.9)*** |
Refused question | 5 | 2.7 (0.8 to 8.6) |
No (reference) | 4 | Reference |
Smoker |
Yes | 25*** | 2.8 (1.7 to 4.7)*** |
No (reference) | 3 | Reference |
Drinking habit |
Binge drink | 15*** | 7.9 (4.9 to 12.9)*** |
Drink, don’t binge | 6*** | 2.9 (1.7 to 4.7)*** |
Don’t drink (reference) | 1 | Reference |
Victim of a gun threat |
Yes | 27*** | 3.7 (2.0 to 6.8)*** |
No (reference) | 4 | Reference |
Injured seriously in last 12 months |
Yes | 8*** | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.5) |
No (reference) | 4 | Reference |
School attendance |
No | 11* | 1.3 (0.4 to 4.5) |
Yes (reference) | 4 | Reference |
Parents know whereabouts in afternoon |
No | 9*** | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.2)** |
Yes (reference) | 3 | Reference |