PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Crowe, Christopher Stephen
AU  - Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard
AU  - Morrison, Shane Douglas
AU  - Chang, James
AU  - Friedrich, Jeffrey Barton
AU  - Abady, Gdiom Gebreheat
AU  - Alahdab, Fares
AU  - Alipour, Vahid
AU  - Arabloo, Jalal
AU  - Asaad, Malke
AU  - Banach, Maciej
AU  - Bijani, Ali
AU  - Borzì, Antonio Maria
AU  - Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich
AU  - Castle, Chris D
AU  - Cho, Daniel Youngwhan
AU  - Chung, Michael T
AU  - Daryani, Ahmad
AU  - Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam
AU  - Dingels, Zachary V
AU  - Do, Hoa Thi
AU  - Fischer, Florian
AU  - Fox, Jack T
AU  - Fukumoto, Takeshi
AU  - Gebre, Abadi Kahsu
AU  - Gebremichael, Berhe
AU  - Haagsma, Juanita A
AU  - Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin
AU  - Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes
AU  - Hay, Simon I
AU  - Hoang, Chi Linh
AU  - Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi
AU  - Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
AU  - Kalhor, Rohollah
AU  - Kasaeian, Amir
AU  - Khader, Yousef Saleh
AU  - Khalilov, Rovshan
AU  - Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
AU  - Khundkar, Roba
AU  - Kisa, Sezer
AU  - Kisa, Adnan
AU  - Liu, Zichen
AU  - Majdan, Marek
AU  - Manafi, Navid
AU  - Manafi, Ali
AU  - Manda, Ana-Laura
AU  - Meretoja, Tuomo J
AU  - Miller, Ted R
AU  - Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah
AU  - Mohammadpourhodki, Reza
AU  - Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A
AU  - Mokdad, Ali H
AU  - Naimzada, Mukhammad David
AU  - Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith
AU  - Nguyen, Cuong Tat
AU  - Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi
AU  - Olagunju, Andrew T
AU  - Olagunju, Tinuke O
AU  - Pham, Hai Quang
AU  - Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga
AU  - Rabiee, Navid
AU  - Ramezanzadeh, Kiana
AU  - Ranganathan, Kavitha
AU  - Roberts, Nicholas L S
AU  - Roever, Leonardo
AU  - Safari, Saeed
AU  - Samy, Abdallah M
AU  - Sanchez Riera, Lidia
AU  - Shahabi, Saeed
AU  - Smarandache, Catalin-Gabriel
AU  - Sylte, Dillon O
AU  - Tesfay, Berhe Etsay
AU  - Tran, Bach Xuan
AU  - Ullah, Irfan
AU  - Vahedi, Parviz
AU  - Vahedian-Azimi, Amir
AU  - Vos, Theo
AU  - Woldeyes, Dawit Habte
AU  - Wondmieneh, Adam Belay
AU  - Zhang, Zhi-Jiang
AU  - James, Spencer L
TI  - Global trends of hand and wrist trauma: a systematic analysis of fracture and digit amputation using the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study
AID  - 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043495
DP  - 2020 Oct 01
TA  - Injury Prevention
PG  - i115--i124
VI  - 26
IP  - Suppl 2
4099  - http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/26/Suppl_2/i115.short
4100  - http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/26/Suppl_2/i115.full
SO  - Inj Prev2020 Oct 01; 26
AB  - Background As global rates of mortality decrease, rates of non-fatal injury have increased, particularly in low Socio-demographic Index (SDI) nations. We hypothesised this global pattern of non-fatal injury would be demonstrated in regard to bony hand and wrist trauma over the 27-year study period.Methods The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 was used to estimate prevalence, age-standardised incidence and years lived with disability for hand trauma in 195 countries from 1990 to 2017. Individual injuries included hand and wrist fractures, thumb amputations and non-thumb digit amputations.Results The global incidence of hand trauma has only modestly decreased since 1990. In 2017, the age-standardised incidence of hand and wrist fractures was 179 per 100 000 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 146 to 217), whereas the less common injuries of thumb and non-thumb digit amputation were 24 (95% UI 17 to 34) and 56 (95% UI 43 to 74) per 100 000, respectively. Rates of injury vary greatly by region, and improvements have not been equally distributed. The highest burden of hand trauma is currently reported in high SDI countries. However, low-middle and middle SDI countries have increasing rates of hand trauma by as much at 25%.Conclusions Certain regions are noted to have high rates of hand trauma over the study period. Low-middle and middle SDI countries, however, have demonstrated increasing rates of fracture and amputation over the last 27 years. This trend is concerning as access to quality and subspecialised surgical hand care is often limiting in these resource-limited regions.