PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Christopher Stephen Crowe
AU  - Benjamin Ballard Massenburg
AU  - Shane Douglas Morrison
AU  - James Chang
AU  - Jeffrey Barton Friedrich
AU  - Gdiom Gebreheat Abady
AU  - Fares Alahdab
AU  - Vahid Alipour
AU  - Jalal Arabloo
AU  - Malke Asaad
AU  - Maciej Banach
AU  - Ali Bijani
AU  - Antonio Maria Borzì
AU  - Nikolay Ivanovich Briko
AU  - Chris D Castle
AU  - Daniel Youngwhan Cho
AU  - Michael T Chung
AU  - Ahmad Daryani
AU  - Gebre Teklemariam Demoz
AU  - Zachary V Dingels
AU  - Hoa Thi Do
AU  - Florian Fischer
AU  - Jack T Fox
AU  - Takeshi Fukumoto
AU  - Abadi Kahsu Gebre
AU  - Berhe Gebremichael
AU  - Juanita A Haagsma
AU  - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
AU  - Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso
AU  - Simon I Hay
AU  - Chi Linh Hoang
AU  - Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani
AU  - Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak
AU  - Rohollah Kalhor
AU  - Amir Kasaeian
AU  - Yousef Saleh Khader
AU  - Rovshan Khalilov
AU  - Ejaz Ahmad Khan
AU  - Roba Khundkar
AU  - Sezer Kisa
AU  - Adnan Kisa
AU  - Zichen Liu
AU  - Marek Majdan
AU  - Navid Manafi
AU  - Ali Manafi
AU  - Ana-Laura Manda
AU  - Tuomo J Meretoja
AU  - Ted R Miller
AU  - Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani
AU  - Reza Mohammadpourhodki
AU  - Mohammad A Mohseni Bandpei
AU  - Ali H Mokdad
AU  - Mukhammad David Naimzada
AU  - Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe
AU  - Cuong Tat Nguyen
AU  - Huong Lan Thi Nguyen
AU  - Andrew T Olagunju
AU  - Tinuke O Olagunju
AU  - Hai Quang Pham
AU  - Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi
AU  - Navid Rabiee
AU  - Kiana Ramezanzadeh
AU  - Kavitha Ranganathan
AU  - Nicholas L S Roberts
AU  - Leonardo Roever
AU  - Saeed Safari
AU  - Abdallah M Samy
AU  - Lidia Sanchez Riera
AU  - Saeed Shahabi
AU  - Catalin-Gabriel Smarandache
AU  - Dillon O Sylte
AU  - Berhe Etsay Tesfay
AU  - Bach Xuan Tran
AU  - Irfan Ullah
AU  - Parviz Vahedi
AU  - Amir Vahedian-Azimi
AU  - Theo Vos
AU  - Dawit Habte Woldeyes
AU  - Adam Belay Wondmieneh
AU  - Zhi-Jiang Zhang
AU  - Spencer L James
TI  - Global trends of hand and wrist trauma: a systematic analysis of fracture and digit amputation using the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study
AID  - 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043495
DP  - 2020 Oct 01
TA  - Injury Prevention
PG  - i115--i124
VI  - 26
IP  - Suppl 2
4099  - http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/26/Suppl_2/i115.short
4100  - http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/26/Suppl_2/i115.full
SO  - Inj Prev2020 Oct 01; 26
AB  - Background As global rates of mortality decrease, rates of non-fatal injury have increased, particularly in low Socio-demographic Index (SDI) nations. We hypothesised this global pattern of non-fatal injury would be demonstrated in regard to bony hand and wrist trauma over the 27-year study period.Methods The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 was used to estimate prevalence, age-standardised incidence and years lived with disability for hand trauma in 195 countries from 1990 to 2017. Individual injuries included hand and wrist fractures, thumb amputations and non-thumb digit amputations.Results The global incidence of hand trauma has only modestly decreased since 1990. In 2017, the age-standardised incidence of hand and wrist fractures was 179 per 100 000 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 146 to 217), whereas the less common injuries of thumb and non-thumb digit amputation were 24 (95% UI 17 to 34) and 56 (95% UI 43 to 74) per 100 000, respectively. Rates of injury vary greatly by region, and improvements have not been equally distributed. The highest burden of hand trauma is currently reported in high SDI countries. However, low-middle and middle SDI countries have increasing rates of hand trauma by as much at 25%.Conclusions Certain regions are noted to have high rates of hand trauma over the study period. Low-middle and middle SDI countries, however, have demonstrated increasing rates of fracture and amputation over the last 27 years. This trend is concerning as access to quality and subspecialised surgical hand care is often limiting in these resource-limited regions.