@article {Hoxmeierinjuryprev-2017-042653, author = {Jill C Hoxmeier}, title = {Revising existing instruments for measuring bystander intervention opportunity and frequency of prosocial response for the prevention of sexual violence}, elocation-id = {injuryprev-2017-042653}, year = {2017}, doi = {10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042653}, publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group Ltd}, abstract = {Institutions of higher education increasingly offer training programmes to engage students{\textquoteright} as pro-social bystanders who can intervene in situations related to sexual violence. The purpose of this study was to assess the usage of a bystander behaviour measurement tool that captures both students{\textquoteright} intervention opportunities and frequency of prosocial response. University undergraduate students in the Northwestern USA (n=474) completed online surveys in the Fall of 2016. Results show that students have opportunities to intervene in a variety of situations at the three levels of prevention for campus sexual violence and they do not always intervene. The frequency of students{\textquoteright} prosocial bystander response ranged, for those with the opportunity, from {\textquoteleft}never{\textquoteright} to {\textquoteleft}always{\textquoteright}; students reported varying degrees of intervention frequency depending on the situation. A bystander intervention behaviour instrument measuring opportunity and frequency of response can be a valuable tool for assessing the effectiveness of bystander training programmes.}, issn = {1353-8047}, URL = {https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/early/2017/12/27/injuryprev-2017-042653}, eprint = {https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/early/2017/12/27/injuryprev-2017-042653.full.pdf}, journal = {Injury Prevention} }