TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the reliability and validity of direct observation and traffic camera streams to measure helmet and motorcycle use JF - Injury Prevention JO - Inj Prev SP - 415 LP - 417 DO - 10.1136/injuryprev-2014-041399 VL - 21 IS - 6 AU - Heather N Zaccaro AU - Emily C Carbone AU - Nishita Dsouza AU - Michelle R Xu AU - Mary C Byrne AU - John D Kraemer Y1 - 2015/12/01 UR - http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/21/6/415.abstract N2 - There is a need to develop motorcycle helmet surveillance approaches that are less labour intensive than direct observation (DO), which is the commonly recommended but never formally validated approach, particularly in developing settings. This study sought to assess public traffic camera feeds as an alternative to DO, in addition to the reliability of DO under field conditions. DO had high inter-rater reliability, κ=0.88 and 0.84, respectively, for cycle type and helmet type, which reinforces its use as a gold standard. However, traffic camera-based data collection was found to be unreliable, with κ=0.46 and 0.53 for cycle type and helmet type. When bicycles, motorcycles and scooters were classified based on traffic camera streams, only 68.4% of classifications concurred with those made via DO. Given the current technology, helmet surveillance via traffic camera streams is infeasible, and there remains a need for innovative traffic safety surveillance approaches in low-income urban settings. ER -