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Original Article
The global burden of non-conflict related firearm mortality
  1. T S Richmond1,
  2. R Cheney2,
  3. C W Schwab3
  1. 1School of Nursing, Firearm and Injury Center at Penn, Senior Fellow, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
  2. 2Firearm and Injury Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
  3. 3Division of Traumatology & Surgical Critical Care, School of Medicine, Firearm and Injury Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
  1. Correspondence to:
 Dr T S Richmond
 Associate Professor, School of Nursing, 412 NEB, University of Pennsylvania, 420 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; terryr{at}nursing.upenn.edu

Abstract

Objective: Understanding global firearm mortality is hindered by data availability, quality, and comparability. This study assesses the adequacy of publicly available data, examines populations for whom firearm mortality data are not publicly available, and estimates the global burden of non-conflict related firearm mortality.

Design: The design is a secondary analysis of existing data. A dataset of countries, populations, economic development, and geographic regions was created, using United Nations 2000 world population data and World Bank classifications of economic development and global regions. Firearm mortality data were obtained from governmental vital statistics reported by the World Health Organization and published survey data. A qualitative review of literature informed estimates for the 15 most populous countries without firearm death data. For countries without data, estimates of firearm deaths were made using quartiles of observed rates and peer reviewed literature.

Main outcome measures: Non-conflict related firearm deaths.

Results: Global non-conflict related firearm deaths were estimated to fall between 196 000 and 229 000, adjusted to the year 2000. 162 800 firearm deaths adjusted for the year 2000 came from countries reporting data and represent 35% of the world’s 186 countries. Public data are not available for 122 of these 186 countries, representing more than three billion (54%) of the world’s population, predominately in lower and lower middle income countries. Estimates of firearm death for those countries without data range from 33 200 to 66 200.

Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the burden of firearm related mortality poses a substantial threat to local and global health.

  • CFDR, crude firearm death rates
  • FDD, firearm death data
  • UN, United Nations
  • WHO, World Health Organization
  • WRVH, World Report on Violence and Health
  • violence
  • firearms
  • mortality
  • surveillance
  • global

https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.2005.008896

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    Footnotes

    • Funding source: the Joyce Foundation located in Chicago, IL provided financial support for the Firearm & Injury Center at Penn (FICAP). The funder had no role in the conduct of the study, the interpretation of the data, or in the preparation and review of this manuscript.

    • Competing interests: none.

    • All authors had full access to all data in the study and had full final responsibility for the decision to submit this manuscript for publication.

    • Variations of this paper were presented at: Global Health Council Meeting, 2003, the Population Association of America Meeting, 2004, and the 7th World Injury Conference, 2004.