Background Road traffic injury is the second leading cause of death for children in China. There has been limited examination of how these policies relate to children.

Objective This study aims to systematically characterize national policies for child road injury in mainland China over the past two decades and identify potential gaps based on the WHO child road safety framework.

Policy Analysis As a scoping review, this study thoroughly searched for national policies for child road injury on institutions’ websites, including government ministries and other organizations. The extracted data was used to map the WHO framework.

Policy Implications A total of 22487 policies were searched, of which 103 policies, consisting of 23 legal documents, 20 standards and 60 policy documents issued by 37 institutions, were included in the analysis. Multiple institutions jointly developed twelve policies. Mapping identified policy documents to strategies in the WHO framework, one of eight strategies requiring legislation were not fully covered by eligible policies on the enforcement of using a child restraint system; two strategies requiring standards were fully covered; eight strategies requiring policy support were partially or not covered, mainly related to equipping emergency vehicles with child-appropriate medical equipment. Enhancing school bus safety was identified as an area with policy focus in China beyond those covered by the WHO framework.

Conclusions This study identified three areas for improvement: (1) strengthening road safety policies targeting children, (2) strengthening enforcement of legislation, e.g., child restraint use, and (3) increasing multiple-sector cooperation on policy formulation.