Methodology A standardised written questionnaire submitted to n=227 medicolegal experts in 33 European countries. Country comparisons of several dimensions were conducted.

Results In the 94 responses (41.4% response rate), 92% reported services in clinical legal medicine, 43% initiated in 1990 or later. 19% examine more than 1000 patients, 16% more than 100 children p.a. 94% investigate sexualised violence, 48% have paediatric-gynaecological expertise, 16% evaluate psychological abuse. Multi-professionality is increasing, teams include law, social work, clinical psyche and psychiatry, dentistry, gynaecology, paediatrics, forensic nursing. Forensic nursing is a growing expertise with 12% reported from the original 15 EU member states and Switzerland. Medicolegal competence centres in Germany provide highest rate of service outside office hours. Legal frameworks vary from inclusion in health/social welfare system to exclusive liaison with law enforcement and justice. Medicolegal evaluation is explicitly required or recommended in several countries.

Conclusions Diversity in legal and financial parameters contributes to vast structural differences. Medicolegal approaches strengthen community health responses to violence. Mixing roles - medicolegal expert and health provider -creates ethical challenges. Funding remains a challenge. International know-how transfer and networking remain a priority.