Background Gender is emerging as a significant factor in the social, economic, and health
effects of COVID-19. However, most existing studies have focused on its direct impact on …

Background The educational attainment of parents, particularly mothers, has been
associated with lower levels of child mortality, yet there is no consensus on the magnitude of …

Background In 2010, overweight and obesity were estimated to cause 3· 4 million deaths, 3·
9% of years of life lost, and 3· 8% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. The …

Background Suboptimal diet is an important preventable risk factor for non-communicable
diseases (NCDs); however, its impact on the burden of NCDs has not been systematically …

Background Public health is a priority for the Chinese Government. Evidence-based
decision making for health at the province level in China, which is home to a fifth of the …

Background The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors study used
the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) to quantify the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk …

Background The positive effect of education on reducing all-cause adult mortality is known;
however, the relative magnitude of this effect has not been systematically quantified. The …

Characterizing the potential health effects of exposure to risk factors such as red meat
consumption is essential to inform health policy and practice. Previous meta-analyses …

As a leading behavioral risk factor for numerous health outcomes, smoking is a major
ongoing public health challenge. Although evidence on the health effects of smoking has …

Previous research suggests a protective effect of vegetable consumption against chronic
disease, but the quality of evidence underlying those findings remains uncertain. We applied …