Brief communication and research noteA case-control study of child bicycle injuries: relationship of risk to exposure
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Cited by (20)
Safety effects of paved shoulder width on a four-lane divided rural highway in India: A matched case-control study
2022, Safety ScienceCitation Excerpt :Hence, the final database has 610 rows from which the cases and controls segments will be selected to create matched dataset for the explanatory model development. The case-control (C-C) method have been frequently used in the context of highway safety education of the road-users and vehicle characteristics (Abdel-Aty et al., 2004; Aldred et al., 2018; Carlin et al., 1995; Chen and Zhang, 2016; Hijar et al., 2000; Stein and Jones, 1988). However, very few studies have used the C-C method for assessing the safety effectiveness of the geometric elements of the highways.
The role of perceived competence and risk perception in cycling near misses
2018, Safety ScienceCitation Excerpt :Research suggests that studies that intend to estimate the importance of factors other than exposure in crashes and injuries must control for exposure given to its overall effect on cycling safety and risk of crash and injury (Vanparijs et al., 2015). Moreover, its effect on crash and injury risk has been consolidated over the years by research (Carlin et al., 1995; Bacchieri et al., 2010). In the present study, we consider exposure at two different levels: (1) exposure to cycling in general, that is to say, use of the bicycle; and (2) cycling in mixed traffic situations.
A mixed generalized ordered response model for examining pedestrian and bicyclist injury severity level in traffic crashes
2008, Accident Analysis and PreventionCitation Excerpt :In the rest of this section, we do not discuss studies such as those identified above that focus on crash occurrence/frequency or that focus on an aggregate level analysis of the characteristics of solely fatal crashes. We also do not examine studies attempting to measure pedestrian and bicyclist exposure data (see Jonah and Engel, 1983; Malek et al., 1990; Keall, 1995; Carlin et al., 1995; or Aultman-Hall and Kaltenecker, 1999 for exposure studies). Rather, we limit ourselves strictly to crash-level studies that examine non-motorist injury severity in accidents involving a non-motorist and a motorized vehicle.
Risk factors in highway traffic accidents: A case control study
2000, Accident Analysis and PreventionCitation Excerpt :When adjusting these factors through the multiple regression model, significant risks for injuries due to traffic accidents were found related to: being under age 25 (OR 3.18, 1.53–6.57), followed by age over 45 (OR 1.78, 0.99–3.20); traveling for work reasons (OR 1.54, 0.94–2.52); alcohol intake (OR 5.02, 1.81–14.72); the Mexico–Cuernavaca road direction (OR 2.68, 1.67–4.33); on a week-day (OR 2.69, 1.66–4.38); during daylight hours (OR 4.16, 2.31–7.48) and under adverse climatological conditions (OR 5.56, 3.57–8.66) (Table 4.). Studies exist which have shown the usefulness (Carlin and Taylor 1995; Povey and Arsenault 1996; Stevenson et al. 1995) and at the same time the difficulties, involved in the application of case and control designs for the study of factors associated with the occurrence of traffic accidents, such as those in this study, above all in the definition and selection of the best control. However, in spite of the fact that the present study did allow us to have as a control, a population that was exposed to the whole highway and that managed to finish the trip without being involved in a traffic accident.
Attention and expectation problems in bicycle-car collisions: An in-depth study
1998, Accident Analysis and Prevention