Shoulder belt use in four states with belt use laws☆
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Naturalistic Observational Field Techniques for Traffic Psychology Research
2011, Handbook of Traffic PsychologyThe role of enforcement programs in increasing seat belt use
2004, Journal of Safety ResearchThe effects of standard enforcement on Michigan safety belt use
2002, Accident Analysis and PreventionCitation Excerpt :The change to standard enforcement appeared to have little differential effect on safety belt use by the type of roadway. As has been found in numerous studies (see e.g. Chatterjee et al., 1987; Eby and Kostyniuk, 1999; Eby et al., 2000c; Hamed and Easa, 1998; Lange and Voas, 1998; Ulmer et al., 1994; Williams et al., 1987), safety belt use in the present study was consistently higher for females than for males (Fig. 7). Comparing the difference between males and females before and after standard enforcement shows that after standard enforcement, the percentage point difference in safety belt use between the sexes has decreased, suggesting that standard enforcement had a greater effect on males than females.
A comparison of safety belt use between commercial and noncommercial light-vehicle occupants
2002, Accident Analysis and PreventionRestraint use patterns for older child passengers in Michigan
2001, Accident Analysis and PreventionCitation Excerpt :This lack of a sex difference shows that parents and guardians are not discriminating by sex when they decide to restrain the older child occupant. It is well documented that driving age females use safety belts much more frequently than same age males (e.g. see Williams et al., 1987; Agent, 1996; Lange and Voas, 1998; Eby et al., 2000). Thus, an interesting research question is to better understand why males, who have used restraints as frequently as females while children, choose not to use a safety belt when they are old enough to make the decision themselves.
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This work was supported by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.